Triple

T4975884
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials E111763 entity
Predicate describedConcept P519 FINISHED
Object Coulomb gap
The Coulomb gap is a soft depletion of electronic states near the Fermi level in disordered or localized systems, arising from long-range electron–electron interactions.
E484704 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Coulomb gap | Statement: [Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, describedConcept, Coulomb gap]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Coulomb gap
Context triple: [Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, describedConcept, Coulomb gap]
  • A. Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect
    The Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect is a quantum electrodynamics phenomenon in which high-energy electrons and photons in dense media experience suppressed bremsstrahlung and pair production due to multiple scattering.
  • B. Luttinger liquid theory
    Luttinger liquid theory is a framework describing the collective, non-Fermi-liquid behavior of interacting electrons in one-dimensional conductors, where excitations are best understood as bosonic density waves rather than quasiparticles.
  • C. Landau–Peierls instability
    Landau–Peierls instability is a theoretical prediction in condensed matter physics that shows how long-wavelength thermal fluctuations destroy true long-range positional order in low-dimensional crystalline systems.
  • D. Peierls transition
    The Peierls transition is a phase transition in one-dimensional metals where a periodic lattice distortion opens an energy gap at the Fermi surface, turning the system from a metal into an insulator or semiconductor.
  • E. Yang–Lee theory
    Yang–Lee theory is a framework in statistical mechanics and phase transition theory that studies the distribution of zeros of the partition function in the complex plane to understand critical phenomena.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Coulomb gap
Triple: [Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, describedConcept, Coulomb gap]
Generated description
The Coulomb gap is a soft depletion of electronic states near the Fermi level in disordered or localized systems, arising from long-range electron–electron interactions.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Coulomb gap
Target entity description: The Coulomb gap is a soft depletion of electronic states near the Fermi level in disordered or localized systems, arising from long-range electron–electron interactions.
  • A. Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect
    The Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect is a quantum electrodynamics phenomenon in which high-energy electrons and photons in dense media experience suppressed bremsstrahlung and pair production due to multiple scattering.
  • B. Luttinger liquid theory
    Luttinger liquid theory is a framework describing the collective, non-Fermi-liquid behavior of interacting electrons in one-dimensional conductors, where excitations are best understood as bosonic density waves rather than quasiparticles.
  • C. Landau–Peierls instability
    Landau–Peierls instability is a theoretical prediction in condensed matter physics that shows how long-wavelength thermal fluctuations destroy true long-range positional order in low-dimensional crystalline systems.
  • D. Peierls transition
    The Peierls transition is a phase transition in one-dimensional metals where a periodic lattice distortion opens an energy gap at the Fermi surface, turning the system from a metal into an insulator or semiconductor.
  • E. Yang–Lee theory
    Yang–Lee theory is a framework in statistical mechanics and phase transition theory that studies the distribution of zeros of the partition function in the complex plane to understand critical phenomena.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd441a0eb481908050fa4273b19eae completed March 20, 2026, 12:56 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd77c9fc7c8190b165a5cfd5889ba8 completed March 20, 2026, 4:37 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69be8a01e548819087e3a6ae2cd581b9 completed March 21, 2026, 12:07 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69be8c193f2c8190a220ffc2571bcb64 completed March 21, 2026, 12:16 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69be8c6723f08190b0e722dbb1171173 completed March 21, 2026, 12:17 p.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:33 p.m.