Triple

T4975883
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials E111763 entity
Predicate describedConcept P519 FINISHED
Object Urbach tail
The Urbach tail is an exponential absorption edge observed in the optical spectra of disordered or amorphous semiconductors, reflecting localized states and disorder in the material’s band structure.
E484703 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Urbach tail | Statement: [Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, describedConcept, Urbach tail]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Urbach tail
Context triple: [Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, describedConcept, Urbach tail]
  • A. Stokes shift
    Stokes shift is a phenomenon in spectroscopy where the wavelength of emitted light is longer (lower energy) than that of the absorbed light, commonly observed in fluorescence and phosphorescence.
  • B. Shockley–Queisser limit
    The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
  • C. Esaki diode
    The Esaki diode is a heavily doped semiconductor tunnel diode that exhibits negative differential resistance, enabling high-speed and microwave-frequency electronic applications.
  • D. Franck–Condon principle
    The Franck–Condon principle is a rule in molecular spectroscopy that explains the intensity distribution of vibronic transitions by assuming electronic transitions occur much faster than nuclear motion, making vertical transitions between vibrational states most probable.
  • E. Stark effect
    The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Urbach tail
Triple: [Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, describedConcept, Urbach tail]
Generated description
The Urbach tail is an exponential absorption edge observed in the optical spectra of disordered or amorphous semiconductors, reflecting localized states and disorder in the material’s band structure.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Urbach tail
Target entity description: The Urbach tail is an exponential absorption edge observed in the optical spectra of disordered or amorphous semiconductors, reflecting localized states and disorder in the material’s band structure.
  • A. Stokes shift
    Stokes shift is a phenomenon in spectroscopy where the wavelength of emitted light is longer (lower energy) than that of the absorbed light, commonly observed in fluorescence and phosphorescence.
  • B. Shockley–Queisser limit
    The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
  • C. Esaki diode
    The Esaki diode is a heavily doped semiconductor tunnel diode that exhibits negative differential resistance, enabling high-speed and microwave-frequency electronic applications.
  • D. Franck–Condon principle
    The Franck–Condon principle is a rule in molecular spectroscopy that explains the intensity distribution of vibronic transitions by assuming electronic transitions occur much faster than nuclear motion, making vertical transitions between vibrational states most probable.
  • E. Stark effect
    The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd441a0eb481908050fa4273b19eae completed March 20, 2026, 12:56 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd77c9fc7c8190b165a5cfd5889ba8 completed March 20, 2026, 4:37 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69be8a01e548819087e3a6ae2cd581b9 completed March 21, 2026, 12:07 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69be8c193f2c8190a220ffc2571bcb64 completed March 21, 2026, 12:16 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69be8c6723f08190b0e722dbb1171173 completed March 21, 2026, 12:17 p.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:33 p.m.