Triple
T4975883
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials |
E111763
|
entity |
| Predicate | describedConcept |
P519
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Urbach tail
The Urbach tail is an exponential absorption edge observed in the optical spectra of disordered or amorphous semiconductors, reflecting localized states and disorder in the material’s band structure.
|
E484703
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Urbach tail | Statement: [Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, describedConcept, Urbach tail]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Urbach tail Context triple: [Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, describedConcept, Urbach tail]
-
A.
Stokes shift
Stokes shift is a phenomenon in spectroscopy where the wavelength of emitted light is longer (lower energy) than that of the absorbed light, commonly observed in fluorescence and phosphorescence.
-
B.
Shockley–Queisser limit
The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
-
C.
Esaki diode
The Esaki diode is a heavily doped semiconductor tunnel diode that exhibits negative differential resistance, enabling high-speed and microwave-frequency electronic applications.
-
D.
Franck–Condon principle
The Franck–Condon principle is a rule in molecular spectroscopy that explains the intensity distribution of vibronic transitions by assuming electronic transitions occur much faster than nuclear motion, making vertical transitions between vibrational states most probable.
-
E.
Stark effect
The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Urbach tail Triple: [Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials, describedConcept, Urbach tail]
Generated description
The Urbach tail is an exponential absorption edge observed in the optical spectra of disordered or amorphous semiconductors, reflecting localized states and disorder in the material’s band structure.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Urbach tail Target entity description: The Urbach tail is an exponential absorption edge observed in the optical spectra of disordered or amorphous semiconductors, reflecting localized states and disorder in the material’s band structure.
-
A.
Stokes shift
Stokes shift is a phenomenon in spectroscopy where the wavelength of emitted light is longer (lower energy) than that of the absorbed light, commonly observed in fluorescence and phosphorescence.
-
B.
Shockley–Queisser limit
The Shockley–Queisser limit is a theoretical maximum efficiency for single-junction solar cells, defining the upper bound on how much sunlight can be converted into electricity under standard conditions.
-
C.
Esaki diode
The Esaki diode is a heavily doped semiconductor tunnel diode that exhibits negative differential resistance, enabling high-speed and microwave-frequency electronic applications.
-
D.
Franck–Condon principle
The Franck–Condon principle is a rule in molecular spectroscopy that explains the intensity distribution of vibronic transitions by assuming electronic transitions occur much faster than nuclear motion, making vertical transitions between vibrational states most probable.
-
E.
Stark effect
The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69bd441a0eb481908050fa4273b19eae |
completed | March 20, 2026, 12:56 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69bd77c9fc7c8190b165a5cfd5889ba8 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 4:37 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69be8a01e548819087e3a6ae2cd581b9 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 12:07 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69be8c193f2c8190a220ffc2571bcb64 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 12:16 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69be8c6723f08190b0e722dbb1171173 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 12:17 p.m. |
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:33 p.m.