Triple
T4943121
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Lowell Observatory |
E110983
|
entity |
| Predicate | operatedBy |
P86
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Lowell Observatory Foundation
The Lowell Observatory Foundation is a nonprofit organization that manages and supports Lowell Observatory’s astronomical research, education, and public outreach activities.
|
E483238
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lowell Observatory Foundation | Statement: [Lowell Observatory, operatedBy, Lowell Observatory Foundation]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lowell Observatory Foundation Context triple: [Lowell Observatory, operatedBy, Lowell Observatory Foundation]
-
A.
Lowell Observatory
Lowell Observatory is a historic astronomical research institution in Flagstaff, Arizona, renowned for its role in major discoveries including the identification of Pluto.
-
B.
Carnegie Observatories
Carnegie Observatories is a major astronomical research institution known for operating world-class telescopes and conducting cutting-edge studies of the universe.
-
C.
Kirkwood Observatory
Kirkwood Observatory is an astronomical observatory at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, known for its historic telescope and role in teaching and public outreach in astronomy.
-
D.
Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory
The Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory is a major astronomical research facility in Arizona known for its optical and gamma-ray telescopes used to study the universe.
-
E.
Lick Observatory
Lick Observatory is a historic astronomical observatory located on Mount Hamilton in California, known for its pioneering research and large refracting telescope.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lowell Observatory Foundation Triple: [Lowell Observatory, operatedBy, Lowell Observatory Foundation]
Generated description
The Lowell Observatory Foundation is a nonprofit organization that manages and supports Lowell Observatory’s astronomical research, education, and public outreach activities.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lowell Observatory Foundation Target entity description: The Lowell Observatory Foundation is a nonprofit organization that manages and supports Lowell Observatory’s astronomical research, education, and public outreach activities.
-
A.
Lowell Observatory
Lowell Observatory is a historic astronomical research institution in Flagstaff, Arizona, renowned for its role in major discoveries including the identification of Pluto.
-
B.
Carnegie Observatories
Carnegie Observatories is a major astronomical research institution known for operating world-class telescopes and conducting cutting-edge studies of the universe.
-
C.
Kirkwood Observatory
Kirkwood Observatory is an astronomical observatory at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, known for its historic telescope and role in teaching and public outreach in astronomy.
-
D.
Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory
The Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory is a major astronomical research facility in Arizona known for its optical and gamma-ray telescopes used to study the universe.
-
E.
Lick Observatory
Lick Observatory is a historic astronomical observatory located on Mount Hamilton in California, known for its pioneering research and large refracting telescope.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69bd441721cc819085c7e33fe0876818 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 12:56 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69bd70a7650c8190b046b65072fd8eae |
completed | March 20, 2026, 4:07 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69be81cc862081908b42686f04915238 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 11:32 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69be82eb7da481909f589d096b9dfa7c |
completed | March 21, 2026, 11:37 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69be8349507481908643591de7f03f42 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 11:38 a.m. |
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:31 p.m.