Triple
T4790104
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Jacob Viner |
E106579
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Dumping: A Problem in International Trade
"Dumping: A Problem in International Trade" is a seminal economic study by Jacob Viner that systematically analyzes the causes, forms, and policy implications of dumping practices in international trade.
|
E470009
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Dumping: A Problem in International Trade | Statement: [Jacob Viner, notableWork, Dumping: A Problem in International Trade]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dumping: A Problem in International Trade Context triple: [Jacob Viner, notableWork, Dumping: A Problem in International Trade]
-
A.
History of the World Trade Organization
The History of the World Trade Organization traces the evolution of the global trading system from the postwar GATT rounds through the creation and development of the WTO, highlighting key negotiations, institutional changes, and disputes that have shaped modern international trade governance.
-
B.
Review of Significant Trade mechanism
The Review of Significant Trade mechanism is a CITES process used to evaluate and address potentially unsustainable international trade in species listed in Appendix II, prompting recommendations and corrective actions to ensure their conservation.
-
C.
GATT dispute settlement system
The GATT dispute settlement system was the pre-1995 framework under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade for resolving trade disputes between member countries, characterized by weaker enforcement and more reliance on diplomatic negotiation than its WTO successor.
-
D.
WTO Agreement on Preshipment Inspection
The WTO Agreement on Preshipment Inspection is a World Trade Organization treaty that sets rules and disciplines for the use of preshipment inspection services to verify the quality, quantity, and price of traded goods before export.
-
E.
WTO Agreement on Safeguards
The WTO Agreement on Safeguards is a multilateral trade agreement that sets detailed rules and procedures for WTO members to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Dumping: A Problem in International Trade Triple: [Jacob Viner, notableWork, Dumping: A Problem in International Trade]
Generated description
"Dumping: A Problem in International Trade" is a seminal economic study by Jacob Viner that systematically analyzes the causes, forms, and policy implications of dumping practices in international trade.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dumping: A Problem in International Trade Target entity description: "Dumping: A Problem in International Trade" is a seminal economic study by Jacob Viner that systematically analyzes the causes, forms, and policy implications of dumping practices in international trade.
-
A.
History of the World Trade Organization
The History of the World Trade Organization traces the evolution of the global trading system from the postwar GATT rounds through the creation and development of the WTO, highlighting key negotiations, institutional changes, and disputes that have shaped modern international trade governance.
-
B.
Review of Significant Trade mechanism
The Review of Significant Trade mechanism is a CITES process used to evaluate and address potentially unsustainable international trade in species listed in Appendix II, prompting recommendations and corrective actions to ensure their conservation.
-
C.
GATT dispute settlement system
The GATT dispute settlement system was the pre-1995 framework under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade for resolving trade disputes between member countries, characterized by weaker enforcement and more reliance on diplomatic negotiation than its WTO successor.
-
D.
WTO Agreement on Preshipment Inspection
The WTO Agreement on Preshipment Inspection is a World Trade Organization treaty that sets rules and disciplines for the use of preshipment inspection services to verify the quality, quantity, and price of traded goods before export.
-
E.
WTO Agreement on Safeguards
The WTO Agreement on Safeguards is a multilateral trade agreement that sets detailed rules and procedures for WTO members to temporarily restrict imports to protect domestic industries from serious injury caused by sudden import surges.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69bd43f591c881909e5a532388b0f3f3 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 12:56 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69bd65dce6888190a0b1bdf416fb62b9 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 3:21 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69be43e8f9dc8190b4e932d179e2f097 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 7:08 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69be4603d32c819092c3c48a3ba41833 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 7:17 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69be472cd6b88190bc998340ffd2b66e |
completed | March 21, 2026, 7:22 a.m. |
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:22 p.m.