Triple

T4706379
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Ernst Eduard Kummer E104397 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Kummer congruences
Kummer congruences are number-theoretic relations describing how special values of Bernoulli numbers and related arithmetic functions behave modulo powers of primes, foundational in the study of p-adic L-functions and cyclotomic fields.
E463786 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kummer congruences | Statement: [Ernst Eduard Kummer, knownFor, Kummer congruences]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kummer congruences
Context triple: [Ernst Eduard Kummer, knownFor, Kummer congruences]
  • A. Iwasawa theory
    Iwasawa theory is a branch of number theory that studies the growth of arithmetic invariants in infinite towers of number fields, particularly using p-adic methods.
  • B. Ono’s partition congruences
    Ono’s partition congruences are modern number-theoretic results that extend Ramanujan’s classical congruences by proving the existence of infinitely many congruence relations for the partition function modulo various primes.
  • C. Serre’s conjecture on Galois representations
    Serre’s conjecture on Galois representations is a landmark statement in number theory that predicts which two-dimensional mod p Galois representations of the absolute Galois group of the rationals arise from modular forms.
  • D. Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture
    The Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture is a fundamental statement in number theory and the theory of modular forms that predicts strong bounds on the Fourier coefficients of modular cusp forms, with deep connections to automorphic forms and the Langlands program.
  • E. Ramanujan partition congruences
    Ramanujan partition congruences are remarkable number-theoretic results discovered by Srinivasa Ramanujan that describe surprising modular patterns in the partition function, such as specific arithmetic progressions where the number of integer partitions of an integer is divisible by a given prime.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kummer congruences
Triple: [Ernst Eduard Kummer, knownFor, Kummer congruences]
Generated description
Kummer congruences are number-theoretic relations describing how special values of Bernoulli numbers and related arithmetic functions behave modulo powers of primes, foundational in the study of p-adic L-functions and cyclotomic fields.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kummer congruences
Target entity description: Kummer congruences are number-theoretic relations describing how special values of Bernoulli numbers and related arithmetic functions behave modulo powers of primes, foundational in the study of p-adic L-functions and cyclotomic fields.
  • A. Iwasawa theory
    Iwasawa theory is a branch of number theory that studies the growth of arithmetic invariants in infinite towers of number fields, particularly using p-adic methods.
  • B. Ono’s partition congruences
    Ono’s partition congruences are modern number-theoretic results that extend Ramanujan’s classical congruences by proving the existence of infinitely many congruence relations for the partition function modulo various primes.
  • C. Serre’s conjecture on Galois representations
    Serre’s conjecture on Galois representations is a landmark statement in number theory that predicts which two-dimensional mod p Galois representations of the absolute Galois group of the rationals arise from modular forms.
  • D. Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture
    The Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture is a fundamental statement in number theory and the theory of modular forms that predicts strong bounds on the Fourier coefficients of modular cusp forms, with deep connections to automorphic forms and the Langlands program.
  • E. Ramanujan partition congruences
    Ramanujan partition congruences are remarkable number-theoretic results discovered by Srinivasa Ramanujan that describe surprising modular patterns in the partition function, such as specific arithmetic progressions where the number of integer partitions of an integer is divisible by a given prime.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd43eac3c08190af7e4020c6c3704c completed March 20, 2026, 12:56 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd63e9f0b88190820aa7fba2f91b6e completed March 20, 2026, 3:12 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69be1067c6a081909fa06689ea66a8a4 completed March 21, 2026, 3:28 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69be133c5a8c8190b3c0f066c4ab44a9 completed March 21, 2026, 3:40 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69be13cafd1c8190aec0efe6328c25b8 completed March 21, 2026, 3:43 a.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:17 p.m.