Triple

T4675636
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Alba Iulia E103673 entity
Predicate formerName P65 FINISHED
Object Apulum
Apulum is the ancient Roman name of the city now known as Alba Iulia in central Romania, once an important military and administrative center in the province of Dacia.
 E462553 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Apulum | Statement: [Alba Iulia, formerName, Apulum]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Apulum
Context triple: [Alba Iulia, formerName, Apulum]
  • A. Pollentia
    Pollentia was an ancient Roman town in northern Italy, historically notable as the site of a major battle between the Western Roman Empire and the Visigoths in 402 AD.
  • B. Lixus
    Lixus was an ancient Phoenician (and later Carthaginian and Roman) coastal city in present-day Morocco, known as one of the oldest settlements in Northwest Africa and a key center of Mediterranean trade.
  • C. Tharros
    Tharros was an ancient coastal city in western Sardinia, founded by the Phoenicians and later occupied by Carthaginians and Romans, now known for its extensive archaeological ruins.
  • D. Italica
    Italica was an ancient Roman city in Hispania (near modern Seville, Spain), notable as the birthplace of emperors Trajan and Hadrian.
  • E. Plotina
    Plotina was a Roman empress and wife of Emperor Trajan, noted for her virtue, philosophical interests, and influence at court during the early 2nd century AD.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Apulum
Triple: [Alba Iulia, formerName, Apulum]
Generated description
Apulum is the ancient Roman name of the city now known as Alba Iulia in central Romania, once an important military and administrative center in the province of Dacia.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Apulum
Target entity description: Apulum is the ancient Roman name of the city now known as Alba Iulia in central Romania, once an important military and administrative center in the province of Dacia.
  • A. Pollentia
    Pollentia was an ancient Roman town in northern Italy, historically notable as the site of a major battle between the Western Roman Empire and the Visigoths in 402 AD.
  • B. Lixus
    Lixus was an ancient Phoenician (and later Carthaginian and Roman) coastal city in present-day Morocco, known as one of the oldest settlements in Northwest Africa and a key center of Mediterranean trade.
  • C. Tharros
    Tharros was an ancient coastal city in western Sardinia, founded by the Phoenicians and later occupied by Carthaginians and Romans, now known for its extensive archaeological ruins.
  • D. Italica
    Italica was an ancient Roman city in Hispania (near modern Seville, Spain), notable as the birthplace of emperors Trajan and Hadrian.
  • E. Plotina
    Plotina was a Roman empress and wife of Emperor Trajan, noted for her virtue, philosophical interests, and influence at court during the early 2nd century AD.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd43dda32c8190938b37744ca270fc completed March 20, 2026, 12:55 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd63544f68819084311416402696b0 completed March 20, 2026, 3:10 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69be039c4c58819099e93e01badbade5 completed March 21, 2026, 2:34 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69be0761fd8081909a078e5e526cb03c completed March 21, 2026, 2:50 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69be07be0d1c8190b9ae7313e8151be9 completed March 21, 2026, 2:51 a.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:16 p.m.