Triple
T4631892
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Pascual Jordan |
E101435
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableIdea |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Jordan–Wigner transformation
The Jordan–Wigner transformation is a mathematical mapping in quantum many-body physics that converts spin operators into fermionic creation and annihilation operators, enabling the study of spin systems using fermionic methods.
|
E456584
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Jordan–Wigner transformation | Statement: [Pascual Jordan, notableIdea, Jordan–Wigner transformation]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Jordan–Wigner transformation Context triple: [Pascual Jordan, notableIdea, Jordan–Wigner transformation]
-
A.
Onsager algebra
The Onsager algebra is an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra introduced in the study of exactly solvable models in statistical mechanics, particularly the two-dimensional Ising model.
-
B.
Bethe ansatz
The Bethe ansatz is a powerful method in theoretical physics for exactly solving certain one-dimensional quantum many-body systems by reducing them to algebraic equations for particle momenta.
-
C.
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
-
D.
Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model
Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model is a mathematical transformation that relates the high-temperature and low-temperature phases of the two-dimensional Ising model, revealing the location of its critical point and illustrating a deep symmetry between ordered and disordered states.
-
E.
Wick’s theorem
Wick’s theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered products of field operators as sums of normal-ordered products with all possible contractions, forming the basis for deriving Feynman rules and diagrammatic expansions.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Jordan–Wigner transformation Triple: [Pascual Jordan, notableIdea, Jordan–Wigner transformation]
Generated description
The Jordan–Wigner transformation is a mathematical mapping in quantum many-body physics that converts spin operators into fermionic creation and annihilation operators, enabling the study of spin systems using fermionic methods.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Jordan–Wigner transformation Target entity description: The Jordan–Wigner transformation is a mathematical mapping in quantum many-body physics that converts spin operators into fermionic creation and annihilation operators, enabling the study of spin systems using fermionic methods.
-
A.
Onsager algebra
The Onsager algebra is an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra introduced in the study of exactly solvable models in statistical mechanics, particularly the two-dimensional Ising model.
-
B.
Bethe ansatz
The Bethe ansatz is a powerful method in theoretical physics for exactly solving certain one-dimensional quantum many-body systems by reducing them to algebraic equations for particle momenta.
-
C.
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
-
D.
Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model
Kramers–Wannier duality in the Ising model is a mathematical transformation that relates the high-temperature and low-temperature phases of the two-dimensional Ising model, revealing the location of its critical point and illustrating a deep symmetry between ordered and disordered states.
-
E.
Wick’s theorem
Wick’s theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered products of field operators as sums of normal-ordered products with all possible contractions, forming the basis for deriving Feynman rules and diagrammatic expansions.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69bd43d2f1c081908cd4b7ec48ecc73d |
completed | March 20, 2026, 12:55 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69bd5a342ffc8190a911d0598ed230bb |
completed | March 20, 2026, 2:31 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69bdfabeba3c8190b6515b99746f62a6 |
completed | March 21, 2026, 1:56 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69bdfb70b9d48190a32c5cc753c45aab |
completed | March 21, 2026, 1:59 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69bdfc54e194819080b1eb5b9f0dfe9e |
completed | March 21, 2026, 2:03 a.m. |
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:13 p.m.