Triple

T4552433
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Hardy–Littlewood maximal function E120395 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Vitali covering lemma
The Vitali covering lemma is a fundamental result in measure theory that provides conditions under which a collection of sets can be reduced to a disjoint subcollection that still covers almost all of the original set, and it underpins many key theorems in real analysis and differentiation.
E451527 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Vitali covering lemma | Statement: [Hardy–Littlewood maximal function, relatedTo, Vitali covering lemma]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Vitali covering lemma
Context triple: [Hardy–Littlewood maximal function, relatedTo, Vitali covering lemma]
  • A. Banach–Alaoglu theorem
    The Banach–Alaoglu theorem is a fundamental result in functional analysis stating that the closed unit ball in the dual of a normed space is compact in the weak-* topology.
  • B. Fatou's lemma
    Fatou's lemma is a fundamental result in measure theory that provides an inequality relating the integral of the pointwise limit inferior of a sequence of nonnegative measurable functions to the limit inferior of their integrals.
  • C. Lebesgue measure
    Lebesgue measure is the standard way of assigning a consistent notion of "length," "area," or "volume" to subsets of Euclidean space, forming the foundation of modern measure theory and integration.
  • D. Carathéodory’s extension theorem
    Carathéodory’s extension theorem is a fundamental result in measure theory that guarantees a unique extension of a pre-measure defined on an algebra of sets to a complete measure on the generated σ-algebra.
  • E. Banach–Saks theorem
    The Banach–Saks theorem is a result in functional analysis stating that every bounded sequence in a reflexive Banach space has a subsequence whose Cesàro means converge in norm.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Vitali covering lemma
Triple: [Hardy–Littlewood maximal function, relatedTo, Vitali covering lemma]
Generated description
The Vitali covering lemma is a fundamental result in measure theory that provides conditions under which a collection of sets can be reduced to a disjoint subcollection that still covers almost all of the original set, and it underpins many key theorems in real analysis and differentiation.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Vitali covering lemma
Target entity description: The Vitali covering lemma is a fundamental result in measure theory that provides conditions under which a collection of sets can be reduced to a disjoint subcollection that still covers almost all of the original set, and it underpins many key theorems in real analysis and differentiation.
  • A. Banach–Alaoglu theorem
    The Banach–Alaoglu theorem is a fundamental result in functional analysis stating that the closed unit ball in the dual of a normed space is compact in the weak-* topology.
  • B. Fatou's lemma
    Fatou's lemma is a fundamental result in measure theory that provides an inequality relating the integral of the pointwise limit inferior of a sequence of nonnegative measurable functions to the limit inferior of their integrals.
  • C. Lebesgue measure
    Lebesgue measure is the standard way of assigning a consistent notion of "length," "area," or "volume" to subsets of Euclidean space, forming the foundation of modern measure theory and integration.
  • D. Carathéodory’s extension theorem
    Carathéodory’s extension theorem is a fundamental result in measure theory that guarantees a unique extension of a pre-measure defined on an algebra of sets to a complete measure on the generated σ-algebra.
  • E. Banach–Saks theorem
    The Banach–Saks theorem is a result in functional analysis stating that every bounded sequence in a reflexive Banach space has a subsequence whose Cesàro means converge in norm.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd4636f1648190a701445c2fcd9c17 completed March 20, 2026, 1:05 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd581160e08190b715a8ce5c3e6c9b completed March 20, 2026, 2:22 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69bdb95b01b0819094a600752e41aa09 completed March 20, 2026, 9:17 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69bdbdbf73508190b64a78ff9274ee6d completed March 20, 2026, 9:35 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69bdbe1bcd8c819094adea59c91c6f5b completed March 20, 2026, 9:37 p.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 1:09 p.m.