Triple

T4485831
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Faraday constant E107235 entity
Predicate appearsIn P795 FINISHED
Object Butler–Volmer equation
The Butler–Volmer equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how the rate of an electrode reaction (current density) depends on the electrode potential and reaction kinetics.
E446185 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Butler–Volmer equation | Statement: [Faraday constant, appearsIn, Butler–Volmer equation]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Butler–Volmer equation
Context triple: [Faraday constant, appearsIn, Butler–Volmer equation]
  • A. Cottrell equation
    The Cottrell equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how current decays over time during a diffusion-controlled potential step at an electrode.
  • B. Nernst equation
    The Nernst equation is a fundamental electrochemistry formula that relates the reduction potential of a half-cell to the standard electrode potential, temperature, and activities (or concentrations) of the chemical species involved.
  • C. Fick's first law of diffusion
    Fick's first law of diffusion is a fundamental physical law that relates the diffusive flux of particles to the spatial gradient of their concentration, describing how substances move from regions of high to low concentration.
  • D. Einstein–Smoluchowski relation
    The Einstein–Smoluchowski relation is a fundamental equation in statistical physics that links the diffusion coefficient of particles undergoing Brownian motion to their mobility and thermal energy.
  • E. Child–Langmuir law
    The Child–Langmuir law is a fundamental space-charge-limited current law in vacuum electronics that relates the current density between parallel electrodes to the applied voltage raised to the three-halves power.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Butler–Volmer equation
Triple: [Faraday constant, appearsIn, Butler–Volmer equation]
Generated description
The Butler–Volmer equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how the rate of an electrode reaction (current density) depends on the electrode potential and reaction kinetics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Butler–Volmer equation
Target entity description: The Butler–Volmer equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how the rate of an electrode reaction (current density) depends on the electrode potential and reaction kinetics.
  • A. Cottrell equation
    The Cottrell equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how current decays over time during a diffusion-controlled potential step at an electrode.
  • B. Nernst equation
    The Nernst equation is a fundamental electrochemistry formula that relates the reduction potential of a half-cell to the standard electrode potential, temperature, and activities (or concentrations) of the chemical species involved.
  • C. Fick's first law of diffusion
    Fick's first law of diffusion is a fundamental physical law that relates the diffusive flux of particles to the spatial gradient of their concentration, describing how substances move from regions of high to low concentration.
  • D. Einstein–Smoluchowski relation
    The Einstein–Smoluchowski relation is a fundamental equation in statistical physics that links the diffusion coefficient of particles undergoing Brownian motion to their mobility and thermal energy.
  • E. Child–Langmuir law
    The Child–Langmuir law is a fundamental space-charge-limited current law in vacuum electronics that relates the current density between parallel electrodes to the applied voltage raised to the three-halves power.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd43f84f788190a1383579c4a595be completed March 20, 2026, 12:56 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd52a958288190974b292f54a0e045 completed March 20, 2026, 1:59 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69bd679cd3b88190a9b90f50f2b7beae completed March 20, 2026, 3:28 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69bd683417b08190bc4e08638a30c0ec completed March 20, 2026, 3:31 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69bd68b4681c8190abb170ccb054cd05 completed March 20, 2026, 3:33 p.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 12:59 p.m.