Triple

T4381682
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems E99143 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Merkle puzzles E102538 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Merkle puzzles | Statement: [Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems, relatedTo, Merkle puzzles]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Merkle puzzles
Context triple: [Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems, relatedTo, Merkle puzzles]
  • A. Merkle puzzles chosen
    Merkle puzzles are an early cryptographic protocol that introduced the concept of public-key exchange by allowing two parties to establish a shared secret over an insecure channel using computationally asymmetric “puzzle” problems.
  • B. Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems
    "Secrecy, Authentication, and Public Key Systems" is Ralph Merkle's influential doctoral thesis that helped lay the foundations of modern public-key cryptography and secure communication protocols.
  • C. New Directions in Cryptography
    New Directions in Cryptography is a landmark 1976 paper that introduced the concepts of public-key cryptography and digital signatures, fundamentally reshaping modern cryptography and secure communications.
  • D. Merkle–Hellman knapsack cryptosystem
    The Merkle–Hellman knapsack cryptosystem is an early public-key encryption scheme based on the subset sum (knapsack) problem, historically significant as one of the first practical public-key systems though later found to be insecure.
  • E. Diffie–Hellman key exchange
    Diffie–Hellman key exchange is a foundational cryptographic protocol that enables two parties to securely establish a shared secret over an insecure communication channel.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69b3454ea8f48190a49c2436624d6ef6 completed March 12, 2026, 10:59 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69b352613dd481909e008a8db239a108 completed March 12, 2026, 11:55 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b5f5e210108190bf14731ce3774b6b completed March 14, 2026, 11:57 p.m.
Created at: March 12, 2026, 11:18 p.m.