Triple
T4329513
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Robert Fogel |
E96713
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Railroads and American Economic Growth
"Railroads and American Economic Growth" is a landmark economic history study by Robert Fogel that uses quantitative methods to reassess the impact of railroads on 19th-century U.S. economic development.
|
E431730
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Railroads and American Economic Growth | Statement: [Robert Fogel, notableWork, Railroads and American Economic Growth]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Railroads and American Economic Growth Context triple: [Robert Fogel, notableWork, Railroads and American Economic Growth]
-
A.
Introduction to Modern Economic Growth
Introduction to Modern Economic Growth is a comprehensive graduate-level textbook that rigorously develops the theory and empirics of long-run economic growth, with a strong emphasis on microfoundations and institutional factors.
-
B.
A Theory of Economic History
A Theory of Economic History is an influential work by economist John R. Hicks that applies economic theory to interpret and explain long-term historical development and institutional change.
-
C.
Business Cycles in the United States of America, 1919–1932
"Business Cycles in the United States of America, 1919–1932" is an influential econometric study by Jan Tinbergen that analyzes and models U.S. economic fluctuations during the interwar period.
-
D.
History of Economic Analysis
History of Economic Analysis is a comprehensive, posthumously published survey of the development of economic thought, written by economist Joseph Schumpeter.
-
E.
Man, Economy, and State
Man, Economy, and State is Murray Rothbard’s major treatise on economics, presenting a comprehensive exposition of Austrian economic theory and libertarian social philosophy.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Railroads and American Economic Growth Triple: [Robert Fogel, notableWork, Railroads and American Economic Growth]
Generated description
"Railroads and American Economic Growth" is a landmark economic history study by Robert Fogel that uses quantitative methods to reassess the impact of railroads on 19th-century U.S. economic development.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Railroads and American Economic Growth Target entity description: "Railroads and American Economic Growth" is a landmark economic history study by Robert Fogel that uses quantitative methods to reassess the impact of railroads on 19th-century U.S. economic development.
-
A.
Introduction to Modern Economic Growth
Introduction to Modern Economic Growth is a comprehensive graduate-level textbook that rigorously develops the theory and empirics of long-run economic growth, with a strong emphasis on microfoundations and institutional factors.
-
B.
A Theory of Economic History
A Theory of Economic History is an influential work by economist John R. Hicks that applies economic theory to interpret and explain long-term historical development and institutional change.
-
C.
Business Cycles in the United States of America, 1919–1932
"Business Cycles in the United States of America, 1919–1932" is an influential econometric study by Jan Tinbergen that analyzes and models U.S. economic fluctuations during the interwar period.
-
D.
History of Economic Analysis
History of Economic Analysis is a comprehensive, posthumously published survey of the development of economic thought, written by economist Joseph Schumpeter.
-
E.
Man, Economy, and State
Man, Economy, and State is Murray Rothbard’s major treatise on economics, presenting a comprehensive exposition of Austrian economic theory and libertarian social philosophy.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69b34542fd908190b11b08faad8decfd |
completed | March 12, 2026, 10:59 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69b3513545fc81909e29de7eae1829f7 |
completed | March 12, 2026, 11:50 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b5d09bf304819084fc1b9162c8b48a |
completed | March 14, 2026, 9:18 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b5d48a56f881909cc75f45d87c8151 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 9:35 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b5d4f99ff08190957b46cd84954f79 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 9:36 p.m. |
Created at: March 12, 2026, 11:13 p.m.