Triple
T4142001
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Hendrik Anthony Kramers |
E89291
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Kramers degeneracy
Kramers degeneracy is a quantum mechanical principle stating that in systems with time-reversal symmetry and half-integer spin, every energy level is at least doubly degenerate.
|
E415082
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kramers degeneracy | Statement: [Hendrik Anthony Kramers, notableWork, Kramers degeneracy]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kramers degeneracy Context triple: [Hendrik Anthony Kramers, notableWork, Kramers degeneracy]
-
A.
Russell–Saunders coupling
Russell–Saunders coupling is an atomic physics scheme that describes how individual electron orbital and spin angular momenta combine to determine the total angular momentum of an atom, especially in light atoms.
-
B.
Landau–Zener formula
The Landau–Zener formula is a quantum mechanical result that gives the probability of non-adiabatic transitions between energy levels during an avoided crossing when a system’s parameters are varied in time.
-
C.
Sommerfeld quantization rules
Sommerfeld quantization rules are an early quantum theory refinement of Bohr’s model that quantize electron motion in elliptical orbits using action integrals, helping to explain fine-structure details in atomic spectra.
-
D.
Jahn–Teller effect
The Jahn–Teller effect is a phenomenon in molecular and solid-state physics where electronically degenerate states cause spontaneous geometric distortions that lower a system’s symmetry and energy.
-
E.
Shubnikov–de Haas effect
The Shubnikov–de Haas effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in the electrical resistance of conductors and semiconductors subjected to strong magnetic fields at low temperatures, used to probe their electronic structure and Fermi surface.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kramers degeneracy Triple: [Hendrik Anthony Kramers, notableWork, Kramers degeneracy]
Generated description
Kramers degeneracy is a quantum mechanical principle stating that in systems with time-reversal symmetry and half-integer spin, every energy level is at least doubly degenerate.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kramers degeneracy Target entity description: Kramers degeneracy is a quantum mechanical principle stating that in systems with time-reversal symmetry and half-integer spin, every energy level is at least doubly degenerate.
-
A.
Russell–Saunders coupling
Russell–Saunders coupling is an atomic physics scheme that describes how individual electron orbital and spin angular momenta combine to determine the total angular momentum of an atom, especially in light atoms.
-
B.
Landau–Zener formula
The Landau–Zener formula is a quantum mechanical result that gives the probability of non-adiabatic transitions between energy levels during an avoided crossing when a system’s parameters are varied in time.
-
C.
Sommerfeld quantization rules
Sommerfeld quantization rules are an early quantum theory refinement of Bohr’s model that quantize electron motion in elliptical orbits using action integrals, helping to explain fine-structure details in atomic spectra.
-
D.
Jahn–Teller effect
The Jahn–Teller effect is a phenomenon in molecular and solid-state physics where electronically degenerate states cause spontaneous geometric distortions that lower a system’s symmetry and energy.
-
E.
Shubnikov–de Haas effect
The Shubnikov–de Haas effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in the electrical resistance of conductors and semiconductors subjected to strong magnetic fields at low temperatures, used to probe their electronic structure and Fermi surface.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69aed95785788190ae75bcf0cd1cafdf |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69af024b8fe4819098e8f393474363c8 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:24 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b576cff6c881909134804ba6f9876d |
completed | March 14, 2026, 2:55 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b577d391ac8190b6062b1f64e2e7e8 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 2:59 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b5787ed214819092fc425152069df9 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 3:02 p.m. |
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:43 p.m.