Triple

T4142000
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Hendrik Anthony Kramers E89291 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Kramers opacity law
Kramers opacity law is a fundamental relation in astrophysics that describes how the opacity of stellar material depends on its density and temperature, crucial for modeling energy transport inside stars.
E415081 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kramers opacity law | Statement: [Hendrik Anthony Kramers, notableWork, Kramers opacity law]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kramers opacity law
Context triple: [Hendrik Anthony Kramers, notableWork, Kramers opacity law]
  • A. Rosseland mean opacity
    Rosseland mean opacity is an average measure of a material’s opacity weighted toward frequencies where radiation is most effectively transported, widely used in stellar and astrophysical radiative transfer calculations.
  • B. Klein–Nishina formula
    The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
  • C. Saha ionization equation
    The Saha ionization equation is a fundamental formula in astrophysics and plasma physics that relates the ionization state of a gas in thermal equilibrium to its temperature and pressure, crucial for understanding stellar atmospheres and spectra.
  • D. Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy
    Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy are foundational principles in physics that explain how continuous, emission, and absorption spectra arise from interactions between matter and radiation.
  • E. Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation
    Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics stating that, for a body in thermal equilibrium, its emissivity equals its absorptivity at each wavelength.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kramers opacity law
Triple: [Hendrik Anthony Kramers, notableWork, Kramers opacity law]
Generated description
Kramers opacity law is a fundamental relation in astrophysics that describes how the opacity of stellar material depends on its density and temperature, crucial for modeling energy transport inside stars.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kramers opacity law
Target entity description: Kramers opacity law is a fundamental relation in astrophysics that describes how the opacity of stellar material depends on its density and temperature, crucial for modeling energy transport inside stars.
  • A. Rosseland mean opacity
    Rosseland mean opacity is an average measure of a material’s opacity weighted toward frequencies where radiation is most effectively transported, widely used in stellar and astrophysical radiative transfer calculations.
  • B. Klein–Nishina formula
    The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
  • C. Saha ionization equation
    The Saha ionization equation is a fundamental formula in astrophysics and plasma physics that relates the ionization state of a gas in thermal equilibrium to its temperature and pressure, crucial for understanding stellar atmospheres and spectra.
  • D. Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy
    Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy are foundational principles in physics that explain how continuous, emission, and absorption spectra arise from interactions between matter and radiation.
  • E. Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation
    Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics stating that, for a body in thermal equilibrium, its emissivity equals its absorptivity at each wavelength.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69aed95785788190ae75bcf0cd1cafdf completed March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69af024b8fe4819098e8f393474363c8 completed March 9, 2026, 5:24 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b576cff6c881909134804ba6f9876d completed March 14, 2026, 2:55 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b577d391ac8190b6062b1f64e2e7e8 completed March 14, 2026, 2:59 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b5787ed214819092fc425152069df9 completed March 14, 2026, 3:02 p.m.
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:43 p.m.