Triple
T3981302
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | 42 U.S.C. § 1983 |
E85763
|
entity |
| Predicate | interpretedBy |
P1044
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)
City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989), is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that established when municipalities can be held liable under § 1983 for constitutional violations resulting from inadequate police training, adopting a “deliberate indifference” standard.
|
E403308
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989) | Statement: [42 U.S.C. § 1983, interpretedBy, City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989) Context triple: [42 U.S.C. § 1983, interpretedBy, City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)]
-
A.
Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. is a 1977 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the standard for proving discriminatory intent in equal protection challenges to facially neutral government actions, particularly in the context of zoning and housing discrimination.
-
B.
McDonald v. City of Chicago
McDonald v. City of Chicago is a 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments through the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
C.
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
-
D.
Cooley v. Board of Wardens
Cooley v. Board of Wardens is an 1852 U.S. Supreme Court decision that helped define the scope of the Commerce Clause by allowing states to regulate certain local aspects of commerce, such as port pilotage, without violating federal authority.
-
E.
Cannon v. University of Chicago
Cannon v. University of Chicago is a landmark 1979 U.S. Supreme Court case that recognized an implied private right of action for individuals to sue under Title IX for sex discrimination in federally funded education programs.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989) Triple: [42 U.S.C. § 1983, interpretedBy, City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)]
Generated description
City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989), is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that established when municipalities can be held liable under § 1983 for constitutional violations resulting from inadequate police training, adopting a “deliberate indifference” standard.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989) Target entity description: City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989), is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that established when municipalities can be held liable under § 1983 for constitutional violations resulting from inadequate police training, adopting a “deliberate indifference” standard.
-
A.
Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. is a 1977 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the standard for proving discriminatory intent in equal protection challenges to facially neutral government actions, particularly in the context of zoning and housing discrimination.
-
B.
McDonald v. City of Chicago
McDonald v. City of Chicago is a 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments through the Fourteenth Amendment.
-
C.
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
-
D.
Cooley v. Board of Wardens
Cooley v. Board of Wardens is an 1852 U.S. Supreme Court decision that helped define the scope of the Commerce Clause by allowing states to regulate certain local aspects of commerce, such as port pilotage, without violating federal authority.
-
E.
Cannon v. University of Chicago
Cannon v. University of Chicago is a landmark 1979 U.S. Supreme Court case that recognized an implied private right of action for individuals to sue under Title IX for sex discrimination in federally funded education programs.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69aed93908348190a26c8aaf4fab3e86 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69aef9db804c8190ad96656cb7b1a4fe |
completed | March 9, 2026, 4:48 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b54021ae388190a9518ea85b760736 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 11:01 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b541340dbc819081538517267f390f |
completed | March 14, 2026, 11:06 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b54193105c81909e2a4e368aae36e8 |
completed | March 14, 2026, 11:08 a.m. |
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:33 p.m.