Triple

T3981302
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject 42 U.S.C. § 1983 E85763 entity
Predicate interpretedBy P1044 FINISHED
Object City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)
City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989), is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that established when municipalities can be held liable under § 1983 for constitutional violations resulting from inadequate police training, adopting a “deliberate indifference” standard.
E403308 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989) | Statement: [42 U.S.C. § 1983, interpretedBy, City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)
Context triple: [42 U.S.C. § 1983, interpretedBy, City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)]
  • A. Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
    Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. is a 1977 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the standard for proving discriminatory intent in equal protection challenges to facially neutral government actions, particularly in the context of zoning and housing discrimination.
  • B. McDonald v. City of Chicago
    McDonald v. City of Chicago is a 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments through the Fourteenth Amendment.
  • C. Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
    Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
  • D. Cooley v. Board of Wardens
    Cooley v. Board of Wardens is an 1852 U.S. Supreme Court decision that helped define the scope of the Commerce Clause by allowing states to regulate certain local aspects of commerce, such as port pilotage, without violating federal authority.
  • E. Cannon v. University of Chicago
    Cannon v. University of Chicago is a landmark 1979 U.S. Supreme Court case that recognized an implied private right of action for individuals to sue under Title IX for sex discrimination in federally funded education programs.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)
Triple: [42 U.S.C. § 1983, interpretedBy, City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)]
Generated description
City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989), is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that established when municipalities can be held liable under § 1983 for constitutional violations resulting from inadequate police training, adopting a “deliberate indifference” standard.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989)
Target entity description: City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989), is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that established when municipalities can be held liable under § 1983 for constitutional violations resulting from inadequate police training, adopting a “deliberate indifference” standard.
  • A. Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
    Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. is a 1977 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the standard for proving discriminatory intent in equal protection challenges to facially neutral government actions, particularly in the context of zoning and housing discrimination.
  • B. McDonald v. City of Chicago
    McDonald v. City of Chicago is a 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments through the Fourteenth Amendment.
  • C. Fulton v. City of Philadelphia
    Fulton v. City of Philadelphia is a 2021 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court unanimously ruled that Philadelphia violated a Catholic foster care agency’s religious freedom by excluding it from the foster program over its refusal to certify same-sex couples.
  • D. Cooley v. Board of Wardens
    Cooley v. Board of Wardens is an 1852 U.S. Supreme Court decision that helped define the scope of the Commerce Clause by allowing states to regulate certain local aspects of commerce, such as port pilotage, without violating federal authority.
  • E. Cannon v. University of Chicago
    Cannon v. University of Chicago is a landmark 1979 U.S. Supreme Court case that recognized an implied private right of action for individuals to sue under Title IX for sex discrimination in federally funded education programs.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69aed93908348190a26c8aaf4fab3e86 completed March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69aef9db804c8190ad96656cb7b1a4fe completed March 9, 2026, 4:48 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b54021ae388190a9518ea85b760736 completed March 14, 2026, 11:01 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b541340dbc819081538517267f390f completed March 14, 2026, 11:06 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b54193105c81909e2a4e368aae36e8 completed March 14, 2026, 11:08 a.m.
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:33 p.m.