Triple
T3821386
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Atiyah–Singer index theorem |
E84379
|
entity |
| Predicate | usesConcept |
P531
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Fredholm operator
A Fredholm operator is a bounded linear operator between Banach (or Hilbert) spaces with finite-dimensional kernel and cokernel and a closed range, characterized by its integer-valued index.
|
E391903
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Fredholm operator | Statement: [Atiyah–Singer index theorem, usesConcept, Fredholm operator]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fredholm operator Context triple: [Atiyah–Singer index theorem, usesConcept, Fredholm operator]
-
A.
Hilbert–Schmidt operators
Hilbert–Schmidt operators are a class of compact operators on Hilbert spaces characterized by having finite Hilbert–Schmidt norm, playing a central role in functional analysis and operator theory.
-
B.
Gelfand–Levitan theory
Gelfand–Levitan theory is a foundational framework in inverse spectral theory that reconstructs differential operators or potentials from their spectral data using integral equations.
-
C.
Jacobi operator
The Jacobi operator is a linear differential operator central to the theory of elliptic functions and integrable systems, named after the mathematician Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.
-
D.
Banach inverse mapping theorem
The Banach inverse mapping theorem is a fundamental result in functional analysis stating that a bijective bounded linear operator between Banach spaces has a bounded linear inverse.
-
E.
Schauder fixed-point theorem
The Schauder fixed-point theorem is a fundamental result in functional analysis that guarantees the existence of fixed points for continuous compact mappings on convex closed subsets of Banach spaces, generalizing the Brouwer fixed-point theorem to infinite-dimensional settings.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Fredholm operator Triple: [Atiyah–Singer index theorem, usesConcept, Fredholm operator]
Generated description
A Fredholm operator is a bounded linear operator between Banach (or Hilbert) spaces with finite-dimensional kernel and cokernel and a closed range, characterized by its integer-valued index.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fredholm operator Target entity description: A Fredholm operator is a bounded linear operator between Banach (or Hilbert) spaces with finite-dimensional kernel and cokernel and a closed range, characterized by its integer-valued index.
-
A.
Hilbert–Schmidt operators
Hilbert–Schmidt operators are a class of compact operators on Hilbert spaces characterized by having finite Hilbert–Schmidt norm, playing a central role in functional analysis and operator theory.
-
B.
Gelfand–Levitan theory
Gelfand–Levitan theory is a foundational framework in inverse spectral theory that reconstructs differential operators or potentials from their spectral data using integral equations.
-
C.
Jacobi operator
The Jacobi operator is a linear differential operator central to the theory of elliptic functions and integrable systems, named after the mathematician Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.
-
D.
Banach inverse mapping theorem
The Banach inverse mapping theorem is a fundamental result in functional analysis stating that a bijective bounded linear operator between Banach spaces has a bounded linear inverse.
-
E.
Schauder fixed-point theorem
The Schauder fixed-point theorem is a fundamental result in functional analysis that guarantees the existence of fixed points for continuous compact mappings on convex closed subsets of Banach spaces, generalizing the Brouwer fixed-point theorem to infinite-dimensional settings.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69aed931f5908190be2c07af66d4df25 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:29 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69aeea62cdfc81909a3bf458b73d60e7 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 3:42 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b4fb4998248190b4174dd80a8e790c |
completed | March 14, 2026, 6:08 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b4ffcf7e24819098cf2e46b92bed4a |
completed | March 14, 2026, 6:27 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b500596e308190a31e44c24de3f31d |
completed | March 14, 2026, 6:29 a.m. |
Created at: March 9, 2026, 3:17 p.m.