Triple

T3572525
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Born approximation E75606 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Born expansion of Green’s function
The Born expansion of Green’s function is a perturbative series representation used in scattering theory to express the Green’s function as a sum of successive interaction terms.
E368820 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Born expansion of Green’s function | Statement: [Born approximation, relatedTo, Born expansion of Green’s function]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Born expansion of Green’s function
Context triple: [Born approximation, relatedTo, Born expansion of Green’s function]
  • A. Born–Huang expansion
    The Born–Huang expansion is a quantum mechanical method that systematically improves upon the Born–Oppenheimer approximation by including couplings between electronic and nuclear motions in molecular systems.
  • B. Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory
    Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is a fundamental method in quantum mechanics for approximating the energies and states of a system by treating interactions as small corrections to an exactly solvable problem.
  • C. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • D. Sommerfeld expansion in statistical mechanics
    The Sommerfeld expansion in statistical mechanics is an asymptotic method used to approximate integrals involving Fermi–Dirac distributions at low temperatures, widely applied to calculate thermodynamic properties of degenerate electron gases in metals.
  • E. Eliashberg theory
    Eliashberg theory is an extension of BCS superconductivity that incorporates strong-coupling and frequency-dependent effects to more accurately describe real superconducting materials.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Born expansion of Green’s function
Triple: [Born approximation, relatedTo, Born expansion of Green’s function]
Generated description
The Born expansion of Green’s function is a perturbative series representation used in scattering theory to express the Green’s function as a sum of successive interaction terms.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Born expansion of Green’s function
Target entity description: The Born expansion of Green’s function is a perturbative series representation used in scattering theory to express the Green’s function as a sum of successive interaction terms.
  • A. Born–Huang expansion
    The Born–Huang expansion is a quantum mechanical method that systematically improves upon the Born–Oppenheimer approximation by including couplings between electronic and nuclear motions in molecular systems.
  • B. Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory
    Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is a fundamental method in quantum mechanics for approximating the energies and states of a system by treating interactions as small corrections to an exactly solvable problem.
  • C. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • D. Sommerfeld expansion in statistical mechanics
    The Sommerfeld expansion in statistical mechanics is an asymptotic method used to approximate integrals involving Fermi–Dirac distributions at low temperatures, widely applied to calculate thermodynamic properties of degenerate electron gases in metals.
  • E. Eliashberg theory
    Eliashberg theory is an extension of BCS superconductivity that incorporates strong-coupling and frequency-dependent effects to more accurately describe real superconducting materials.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ad85d5e3008190bdfe0bacdd1f5a1b completed March 8, 2026, 2:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69adc0c447fc81909689259558187af4 completed March 8, 2026, 6:32 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b3bbbcf2d08190901049948df66f0c completed March 13, 2026, 7:24 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b3bca07cac81908253b2b4225f3d67 completed March 13, 2026, 7:28 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b3f5b6e66c81908700d5f3df0a864d completed March 13, 2026, 11:32 a.m.
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:21 p.m.