Triple

T3444290
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Duchy of Parma E72637 entity
Predicate personalUnionWith P11440 FINISHED
Object Duchy of Piacenza
The Duchy of Piacenza was an early modern Italian state in the Emilia-Romagna region, historically governed together with Parma and known for its strategic position along the Po River.
E444931 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Duchy of Piacenza | Statement: [Duchy of Parma, personalUnionWith, Duchy of Piacenza]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Duchy of Piacenza
Context triple: [Duchy of Parma, personalUnionWith, Duchy of Piacenza]
  • A. Duchy of Lucca
    The Duchy of Lucca was a small 19th-century Italian state in Tuscany that briefly existed after the Napoleonic era before being absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
  • B. Duchy of Modena and Reggio
    The Duchy of Modena and Reggio was a small northern Italian state ruled mainly by the House of Este until its annexation during the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
  • C. Duchy of Ferrara
    The Duchy of Ferrara was a Renaissance-era Italian state ruled by the House of Este, noted for its cultural flourishing and strategic role in the power politics of northern Italy.
  • D. Duchy of Milan
    The Duchy of Milan was a powerful late medieval and Renaissance state in northern Italy, centered on the city of Milan and long contested by major European powers.
  • E. Republic of Lucca
    The Republic of Lucca was an independent city-state in Tuscany, Italy, that existed from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, known for its republican institutions and commercial prosperity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Duchy of Piacenza
Triple: [Duchy of Parma, personalUnionWith, Duchy of Piacenza]
Generated description
The Duchy of Piacenza was an early modern Italian state in the Emilia-Romagna region, historically governed together with Parma and known for its strategic position along the Po River.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Duchy of Piacenza
Target entity description: The Duchy of Piacenza was an early modern Italian state in the Emilia-Romagna region, historically governed together with Parma and known for its strategic position along the Po River.
  • A. Duchy of Lucca
    The Duchy of Lucca was a small 19th-century Italian state in Tuscany that briefly existed after the Napoleonic era before being absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
  • B. Duchy of Modena and Reggio
    The Duchy of Modena and Reggio was a small northern Italian state ruled mainly by the House of Este until its annexation during the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
  • C. Duchy of Ferrara
    The Duchy of Ferrara was a Renaissance-era Italian state ruled by the House of Este, noted for its cultural flourishing and strategic role in the power politics of northern Italy.
  • D. Duchy of Milan
    The Duchy of Milan was a powerful late medieval and Renaissance state in northern Italy, centered on the city of Milan and long contested by major European powers.
  • E. Republic of Lucca
    The Republic of Lucca was an independent city-state in Tuscany, Italy, that existed from the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, known for its republican institutions and commercial prosperity.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ad85b05c848190b7a28ceec2bd7b74 completed March 8, 2026, 2:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69adba2b93dc819094e9cca1a5d9540a completed March 8, 2026, 6:04 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b66b1c9cb881908df6998f752f13d0 completed March 15, 2026, 8:17 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b66cc2f0a081909c3021683ba6c791 completed March 15, 2026, 8:24 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b66d36218481908dd59c49d3d55b71 completed March 15, 2026, 8:26 a.m.
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:16 p.m.