Triple
T3175508
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Lev Landau |
E66455
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect
The Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect is a quantum electrodynamics phenomenon in which high-energy electrons and photons in dense media experience suppressed bremsstrahlung and pair production due to multiple scattering.
|
E334544
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect | Statement: [Lev Landau, knownFor, Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect Context triple: [Lev Landau, knownFor, Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect]
-
A.
Shubnikov–de Haas effect
The Shubnikov–de Haas effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in the electrical resistance of conductors and semiconductors subjected to strong magnetic fields at low temperatures, used to probe their electronic structure and Fermi surface.
-
B.
de Haas–van Alphen effect
The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
-
C.
Kapitza–Dirac effect
The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
-
D.
Szilard–Chalmers effect
The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
-
E.
Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect Triple: [Lev Landau, knownFor, Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect]
Generated description
The Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect is a quantum electrodynamics phenomenon in which high-energy electrons and photons in dense media experience suppressed bremsstrahlung and pair production due to multiple scattering.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect Target entity description: The Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect is a quantum electrodynamics phenomenon in which high-energy electrons and photons in dense media experience suppressed bremsstrahlung and pair production due to multiple scattering.
-
A.
Shubnikov–de Haas effect
The Shubnikov–de Haas effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in the electrical resistance of conductors and semiconductors subjected to strong magnetic fields at low temperatures, used to probe their electronic structure and Fermi surface.
-
B.
de Haas–van Alphen effect
The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
-
C.
Kapitza–Dirac effect
The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
-
D.
Szilard–Chalmers effect
The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
-
E.
Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ad8586a34c8190944c63ec11a8de1a |
completed | March 8, 2026, 2:19 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69ada671e6848190a683eec1519b9268 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 4:40 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b235f16e60819091cbdb76130ecc40 |
completed | March 12, 2026, 3:41 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b23699a6fc81908b15c7e23340f476 |
completed | March 12, 2026, 3:44 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b23a51a21c819083a4986e5b3ac63d |
completed | March 12, 2026, 4 a.m. |
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:06 p.m.