Triple

T3175508
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Lev Landau E66455 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect
The Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect is a quantum electrodynamics phenomenon in which high-energy electrons and photons in dense media experience suppressed bremsstrahlung and pair production due to multiple scattering.
E334544 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect | Statement: [Lev Landau, knownFor, Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect
Context triple: [Lev Landau, knownFor, Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect]
  • A. Shubnikov–de Haas effect
    The Shubnikov–de Haas effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in the electrical resistance of conductors and semiconductors subjected to strong magnetic fields at low temperatures, used to probe their electronic structure and Fermi surface.
  • B. de Haas–van Alphen effect
    The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
  • C. Kapitza–Dirac effect
    The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
  • D. Szilard–Chalmers effect
    The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
  • E. Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
    The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect
Triple: [Lev Landau, knownFor, Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect]
Generated description
The Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect is a quantum electrodynamics phenomenon in which high-energy electrons and photons in dense media experience suppressed bremsstrahlung and pair production due to multiple scattering.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect
Target entity description: The Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect is a quantum electrodynamics phenomenon in which high-energy electrons and photons in dense media experience suppressed bremsstrahlung and pair production due to multiple scattering.
  • A. Shubnikov–de Haas effect
    The Shubnikov–de Haas effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in the electrical resistance of conductors and semiconductors subjected to strong magnetic fields at low temperatures, used to probe their electronic structure and Fermi surface.
  • B. de Haas–van Alphen effect
    The de Haas–van Alphen effect is a quantum oscillatory phenomenon in metals where the magnetization varies periodically with applied magnetic field, allowing precise mapping of the electronic structure and Fermi surface.
  • C. Kapitza–Dirac effect
    The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
  • D. Szilard–Chalmers effect
    The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
  • E. Lifshitz–Kosevich formula
    The Lifshitz–Kosevich formula is a key theoretical expression in solid-state physics that describes how the amplitude of quantum oscillations in metals depends on temperature, magnetic field, and electronic properties.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ad8586a34c8190944c63ec11a8de1a completed March 8, 2026, 2:19 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69ada671e6848190a683eec1519b9268 completed March 8, 2026, 4:40 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b235f16e60819091cbdb76130ecc40 completed March 12, 2026, 3:41 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b23699a6fc81908b15c7e23340f476 completed March 12, 2026, 3:44 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b23a51a21c819083a4986e5b3ac63d completed March 12, 2026, 4 a.m.
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:06 p.m.