Triple

T3167584
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company E66248 entity
Predicate foundedBy P104 FINISHED
Object Richard Robert Donnelley
Richard Robert Donnelley was a 19th-century American printing entrepreneur who built one of the nation’s largest and most influential commercial publishing and printing businesses.
E335911 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Richard Robert Donnelley | Statement: [R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company, foundedBy, Richard Robert Donnelley]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Richard Robert Donnelley
Context triple: [R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company, foundedBy, Richard Robert Donnelley]
  • A. Charles MacDonald
    Charles MacDonald was a distinguished American World War II fighter ace and U.S. Army Air Forces officer known for his combat achievements in the Pacific Theater.
  • B. William Kirkpatrick
    William Kirkpatrick is a relatively obscure individual whose name is shared with multiple historical and contemporary figures across politics, military service, and public life.
  • C. Alexander McDougall
    Alexander McDougall was a Scottish-born American merchant, political leader, and Revolutionary War officer who became a prominent patriot voice in New York before and during the American Revolution.
  • D. John Mathieson
    John Mathieson is a British cinematographer known for his visually striking work on major films, particularly in collaboration with directors like Ridley Scott and Guy Ritchie.
  • E. George Denison
    George Denison was a notable individual after whom the city of Denison, Texas, was named, likely recognized for his influence or contributions significant to the area's history or development.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Richard Robert Donnelley
Triple: [R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company, foundedBy, Richard Robert Donnelley]
Generated description
Richard Robert Donnelley was a 19th-century American printing entrepreneur who built one of the nation’s largest and most influential commercial publishing and printing businesses.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Richard Robert Donnelley
Target entity description: Richard Robert Donnelley was a 19th-century American printing entrepreneur who built one of the nation’s largest and most influential commercial publishing and printing businesses.
  • A. Charles MacDonald
    Charles MacDonald was a distinguished American World War II fighter ace and U.S. Army Air Forces officer known for his combat achievements in the Pacific Theater.
  • B. William Kirkpatrick
    William Kirkpatrick is a relatively obscure individual whose name is shared with multiple historical and contemporary figures across politics, military service, and public life.
  • C. Alexander McDougall
    Alexander McDougall was a Scottish-born American merchant, political leader, and Revolutionary War officer who became a prominent patriot voice in New York before and during the American Revolution.
  • D. John Mathieson
    John Mathieson is a British cinematographer known for his visually striking work on major films, particularly in collaboration with directors like Ridley Scott and Guy Ritchie.
  • E. George Denison
    George Denison was a notable individual after whom the city of Denison, Texas, was named, likely recognized for his influence or contributions significant to the area's history or development.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ad8585d7988190af37365331093ccd completed March 8, 2026, 2:19 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69ada6457acc8190b2b9acbd1cfcdb91 completed March 8, 2026, 4:39 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b24b552b488190938ed9fe4d046b01 completed March 12, 2026, 5:12 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b24ecd84648190a098b7057321f1f1 completed March 12, 2026, 5:27 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b24f1d6aa081909e4271f4314e2f3f completed March 12, 2026, 5:29 a.m.
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3:06 p.m.