Triple

T2912334
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Abel–Ruffini theorem E63710 entity
Predicate namedAfter P63 FINISHED
Object Paolo Ruffini
Paolo Ruffini was an Italian mathematician and physician known for his pioneering work in algebra, including early proofs on the unsolvability of general quintic equations by radicals.
E315656 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Paolo Ruffini | Statement: [Abel–Ruffini theorem, namedAfter, Paolo Ruffini]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paolo Ruffini
Context triple: [Abel–Ruffini theorem, namedAfter, Paolo Ruffini]
  • A. Niels Henrik Abel
    Niels Henrik Abel was a pioneering 19th-century Norwegian mathematician renowned for his groundbreaking work in algebra and analysis, including proving the insolvability of the general quintic equation by radicals.
  • B. Évariste Galois
    Évariste Galois was a pioneering 19th-century French mathematician whose foundational work in group theory and the theory of equations gave rise to modern Galois theory.
  • C. Enrico Betti
    Enrico Betti was a 19th-century Italian mathematician best known for his foundational work in topology, particularly the introduction of Betti numbers.
  • D. Ulisse Dini
    Ulisse Dini was an Italian mathematician known for his contributions to real analysis and the theory of functions, including Dini's theorem on uniform convergence.
  • E. Adrien-Marie Legendre
    Adrien-Marie Legendre was an influential 18th–19th century French mathematician known for major contributions to number theory, analysis, and mathematical statistics.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Paolo Ruffini
Triple: [Abel–Ruffini theorem, namedAfter, Paolo Ruffini]
Generated description
Paolo Ruffini was an Italian mathematician and physician known for his pioneering work in algebra, including early proofs on the unsolvability of general quintic equations by radicals.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Paolo Ruffini
Target entity description: Paolo Ruffini was an Italian mathematician and physician known for his pioneering work in algebra, including early proofs on the unsolvability of general quintic equations by radicals.
  • A. Niels Henrik Abel
    Niels Henrik Abel was a pioneering 19th-century Norwegian mathematician renowned for his groundbreaking work in algebra and analysis, including proving the insolvability of the general quintic equation by radicals.
  • B. Évariste Galois
    Évariste Galois was a pioneering 19th-century French mathematician whose foundational work in group theory and the theory of equations gave rise to modern Galois theory.
  • C. Enrico Betti
    Enrico Betti was a 19th-century Italian mathematician best known for his foundational work in topology, particularly the introduction of Betti numbers.
  • D. Ulisse Dini
    Ulisse Dini was an Italian mathematician known for his contributions to real analysis and the theory of functions, including Dini's theorem on uniform convergence.
  • E. Adrien-Marie Legendre
    Adrien-Marie Legendre was an influential 18th–19th century French mathematician known for major contributions to number theory, analysis, and mathematical statistics.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab4c44ab448190b9411324e8a1fc1d completed March 6, 2026, 9:51 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abe0eb77708190b745b887f3b9a618 completed March 7, 2026, 8:25 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b108ceccec8190807a95c29cdfb76e completed March 11, 2026, 6:16 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b109aca8008190aa34902fb63fb1a3 completed March 11, 2026, 6:20 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b10a5da7d08190967750728135ab68 completed March 11, 2026, 6:23 a.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 10:11 p.m.