Triple
T2861341
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory |
E63328
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatesTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Heaviside layer
The Heaviside layer is a region of the Earth's ionosphere that reflects certain radio waves, enabling long-distance radio communication beyond the horizon.
|
E63328
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Heaviside layer | Statement: [Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory, relatesTo, Heaviside layer]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Heaviside layer Context triple: [Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory, relatesTo, Heaviside layer]
-
A.
Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory
Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory is an early 20th-century scientific model proposing the existence of a conductive layer in the upper atmosphere that reflects radio waves, helping to explain long-distance radio communication.
-
B.
Hertzian waves
Hertzian waves are early experimentally demonstrated electromagnetic waves that confirmed James Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism and paved the way for modern radio communication.
-
C.
Ekman layer
The Ekman layer is the thin region of fluid near a boundary (such as the ocean surface or seafloor) where the balance between friction and the Coriolis effect causes the flow to spiral with depth.
-
D.
Fresnel zones
Fresnel zones are concentric regions on a wavefront used in wave optics to analyze and predict diffraction and interference effects, especially in near-field conditions.
-
E.
Longuet-Higgins
Longuet-Higgins is the surname of a notable British family that includes influential figures in theoretical chemistry, cognitive science, and mathematics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Heaviside layer Triple: [Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory, relatesTo, Heaviside layer]
Generated description
The Heaviside layer is a region of the Earth's ionosphere that reflects certain radio waves, enabling long-distance radio communication beyond the horizon.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Heaviside layer Target entity description: The Heaviside layer is a region of the Earth's ionosphere that reflects certain radio waves, enabling long-distance radio communication beyond the horizon.
-
A.
Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory
chosen
Kennelly–Heaviside layer theory is an early 20th-century scientific model proposing the existence of a conductive layer in the upper atmosphere that reflects radio waves, helping to explain long-distance radio communication.
-
B.
Hertzian waves
Hertzian waves are early experimentally demonstrated electromagnetic waves that confirmed James Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism and paved the way for modern radio communication.
-
C.
Ekman layer
The Ekman layer is the thin region of fluid near a boundary (such as the ocean surface or seafloor) where the balance between friction and the Coriolis effect causes the flow to spiral with depth.
-
D.
Fresnel zones
Fresnel zones are concentric regions on a wavefront used in wave optics to analyze and predict diffraction and interference effects, especially in near-field conditions.
-
E.
Longuet-Higgins
Longuet-Higgins is the surname of a notable British family that includes influential figures in theoretical chemistry, cognitive science, and mathematics.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ab4c41e8c08190a9e8f5249cc12610 |
completed | March 6, 2026, 9:50 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abdf8df8288190816767169ea7cbf9 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 8:19 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b0314baa408190b1b398dcfaa29c53 |
completed | March 10, 2026, 2:57 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b0351dc18c8190bcd047ccabaa47bc |
completed | March 10, 2026, 3:13 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b035ce3f8481908673a072eb2e6dcd |
completed | March 10, 2026, 3:16 p.m. |
Created at: March 6, 2026, 10:02 p.m.