Triple

T2799022
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject The Planetary Society E53107 entity
Predicate foundedBy P104 FINISHED
Object Louis Friedman
Louis Friedman is an American astronautics engineer and space advocate best known as a co-founder and longtime leader of The Planetary Society, a major nonprofit promoting space exploration.
 E414272 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Louis Friedman | Statement: [The Planetary Society, foundedBy, Louis Friedman]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Louis Friedman
Context triple: [The Planetary Society, foundedBy, Louis Friedman]
  • A. Donald Rosenfeld
    Donald Rosenfeld is an American film producer known for his work on acclaimed independent and art-house films, including collaborations with prominent directors and projects like "Effie Gray."
  • B. John L. Friedman
    John L. Friedman is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to relativistic astrophysics and gravitational physics, including work on instabilities in rotating stars.
  • C. Emanuel Stolaroff
    Emanuel Stolaroff was an American businessman best known as the founder of the skincare company Neutrogena.
  • D. Sheldon Finkelstein
    Sheldon Finkelstein is a person notable enough to be recognized as a prominent bearer of the surname Finkelstein.
  • E. J. Edward Bromberg
    J. Edward Bromberg was a Hungarian-born American character actor known for his prolific work in Hollywood films and on stage during the 1930s and 1940s.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Louis Friedman
Triple: [The Planetary Society, foundedBy, Louis Friedman]
Generated description
Louis Friedman is an American astronautics engineer and space advocate best known as a co-founder and longtime leader of The Planetary Society, a major nonprofit promoting space exploration.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Louis Friedman
Target entity description: Louis Friedman is an American astronautics engineer and space advocate best known as a co-founder and longtime leader of The Planetary Society, a major nonprofit promoting space exploration.
  • A. Donald Rosenfeld
    Donald Rosenfeld is an American film producer known for his work on acclaimed independent and art-house films, including collaborations with prominent directors and projects like "Effie Gray."
  • B. John L. Friedman
    John L. Friedman is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions to relativistic astrophysics and gravitational physics, including work on instabilities in rotating stars.
  • C. Emanuel Stolaroff
    Emanuel Stolaroff was an American businessman best known as the founder of the skincare company Neutrogena.
  • D. Sheldon Finkelstein
    Sheldon Finkelstein is a person notable enough to be recognized as a prominent bearer of the surname Finkelstein.
  • E. J. Edward Bromberg
    J. Edward Bromberg was a Hungarian-born American character actor known for his prolific work in Hollywood films and on stage during the 1930s and 1940s.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab495a90788190941b6917e1eca3a6 completed March 6, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abddf31eec8190a898713e53d1aa5c completed March 7, 2026, 8:12 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b576730b24819081273a6815087f73 completed March 14, 2026, 2:53 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b5773ed3388190a299558ea2d889a6 completed March 14, 2026, 2:57 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b578003dd48190b9264fd834cffbdf completed March 14, 2026, 3 p.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:58 p.m.