Triple
T26841
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | John Bardeen |
E537
|
entity |
| Predicate | coAuthorOfTheoryWith |
P398
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Leon Cooper
Leon Cooper is an American physicist best known as one of the co-developers of the BCS theory of superconductivity, for which he shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics.
|
E16598
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Leon Cooper | Statement: [John Bardeen, coAuthorOfTheoryWith, Leon Cooper]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Leon Cooper Context triple: [John Bardeen, coAuthorOfTheoryWith, Leon Cooper]
-
A.
John Bardeen
John Bardeen was an American physicist and electrical engineer, uniquely renowned for being the only person to win the Nobel Prize in Physics twice for his work on the transistor and superconductivity.
-
B.
I. I. Rabi
I. I. Rabi was a Nobel Prize–winning American physicist renowned for his pioneering work in nuclear magnetic resonance and contributions to quantum physics.
-
C.
Murray Gell-Mann
Murray Gell-Mann was an American physicist best known for developing the quark model of subatomic particles and receiving the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics.
-
D.
Walter Brattain
Walter Brattain was an American physicist and Nobel laureate best known as one of the co-inventors of the transistor.
-
E.
Hans Bethe
Hans Bethe was a German-American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his work on nuclear reactions in stars and his leadership in nuclear physics research during World War II and beyond.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Leon Cooper Triple: [John Bardeen, coAuthorOfTheoryWith, Leon Cooper]
Generated description
Leon Cooper is an American physicist best known as one of the co-developers of the BCS theory of superconductivity, for which he shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Leon Cooper Target entity description: Leon Cooper is an American physicist best known as one of the co-developers of the BCS theory of superconductivity, for which he shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics.
-
A.
John Bardeen
John Bardeen was an American physicist and electrical engineer, uniquely renowned for being the only person to win the Nobel Prize in Physics twice for his work on the transistor and superconductivity.
-
B.
I. I. Rabi
I. I. Rabi was a Nobel Prize–winning American physicist renowned for his pioneering work in nuclear magnetic resonance and contributions to quantum physics.
-
C.
Murray Gell-Mann
Murray Gell-Mann was an American physicist best known for developing the quark model of subatomic particles and receiving the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics.
-
D.
Walter Brattain
Walter Brattain was an American physicist and Nobel laureate best known as one of the co-inventors of the transistor.
-
E.
Hans Bethe
Hans Bethe was a German-American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his work on nuclear reactions in stars and his leadership in nuclear physics research during World War II and beyond.
- F. None of above. chosen
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: coAuthorOfTheoryWith Context triple: [John Bardeen, coAuthorOfTheoryWith, Leon Cooper]
-
A.
theorized
Indicates that one entity has proposed or developed a theoretical explanation or hypothesis about another entity or phenomenon.
-
B.
composedBy
Indicates that one entity is the creator or author of a musical or artistic work associated with another entity.
-
C.
worksWith
chosen
Indicates that two entities collaborate or perform tasks together in a shared work-related context.
-
D.
discoveredBy
Indicates that something was found, identified, or brought to light through the efforts or actions of a particular agent.
-
E.
notableContribution
Indicates that an entity has made a significant, recognized contribution to another entity, field, work, or endeavor.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (6 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a243b4ac2c8190b93c303df797b7b2 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:24 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a247798a348190bb943d38300ae3ef |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:40 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a2b8599e2c8190a593f2c00e293f9d |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 9:41 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a2b8df84248190b58a61076172509e |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 9:43 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a2b946a3308190b70f29c73c87c124 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 9:45 a.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69a24658749881909117b007ec3d8633 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:35 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:34 a.m.