Triple

T26841
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject John Bardeen E537 entity
Predicate coAuthorOfTheoryWith P398 FINISHED
Object Leon Cooper
Leon Cooper is an American physicist best known as one of the co-developers of the BCS theory of superconductivity, for which he shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics.
E16598 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Leon Cooper | Statement: [John Bardeen, coAuthorOfTheoryWith, Leon Cooper]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Leon Cooper
Context triple: [John Bardeen, coAuthorOfTheoryWith, Leon Cooper]
  • A. John Bardeen
    John Bardeen was an American physicist and electrical engineer, uniquely renowned for being the only person to win the Nobel Prize in Physics twice for his work on the transistor and superconductivity.
  • B. I. I. Rabi
    I. I. Rabi was a Nobel Prize–winning American physicist renowned for his pioneering work in nuclear magnetic resonance and contributions to quantum physics.
  • C. Murray Gell-Mann
    Murray Gell-Mann was an American physicist best known for developing the quark model of subatomic particles and receiving the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • D. Walter Brattain
    Walter Brattain was an American physicist and Nobel laureate best known as one of the co-inventors of the transistor.
  • E. Hans Bethe
    Hans Bethe was a German-American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his work on nuclear reactions in stars and his leadership in nuclear physics research during World War II and beyond.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Leon Cooper
Triple: [John Bardeen, coAuthorOfTheoryWith, Leon Cooper]
Generated description
Leon Cooper is an American physicist best known as one of the co-developers of the BCS theory of superconductivity, for which he shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Leon Cooper
Target entity description: Leon Cooper is an American physicist best known as one of the co-developers of the BCS theory of superconductivity, for which he shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • A. John Bardeen
    John Bardeen was an American physicist and electrical engineer, uniquely renowned for being the only person to win the Nobel Prize in Physics twice for his work on the transistor and superconductivity.
  • B. I. I. Rabi
    I. I. Rabi was a Nobel Prize–winning American physicist renowned for his pioneering work in nuclear magnetic resonance and contributions to quantum physics.
  • C. Murray Gell-Mann
    Murray Gell-Mann was an American physicist best known for developing the quark model of subatomic particles and receiving the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • D. Walter Brattain
    Walter Brattain was an American physicist and Nobel laureate best known as one of the co-inventors of the transistor.
  • E. Hans Bethe
    Hans Bethe was a German-American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his work on nuclear reactions in stars and his leadership in nuclear physics research during World War II and beyond.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: coAuthorOfTheoryWith
Context triple: [John Bardeen, coAuthorOfTheoryWith, Leon Cooper]
  • A. theorized
    Indicates that one entity has proposed or developed a theoretical explanation or hypothesis about another entity or phenomenon.
  • B. composedBy
    Indicates that one entity is the creator or author of a musical or artistic work associated with another entity.
  • C. worksWith chosen
    Indicates that two entities collaborate or perform tasks together in a shared work-related context.
  • D. discoveredBy
    Indicates that something was found, identified, or brought to light through the efforts or actions of a particular agent.
  • E. notableContribution
    Indicates that an entity has made a significant, recognized contribution to another entity, field, work, or endeavor.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (6 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a243b4ac2c8190b93c303df797b7b2 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:24 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a247798a348190bb943d38300ae3ef completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:40 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a2b8599e2c8190a593f2c00e293f9d completed Feb. 28, 2026, 9:41 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a2b8df84248190b58a61076172509e completed Feb. 28, 2026, 9:43 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a2b946a3308190b70f29c73c87c124 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 9:45 a.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69a24658749881909117b007ec3d8633 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:35 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:34 a.m.