Triple

T2527829
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Alexei Filippenko E56079 entity
Predicate memberOf P10 FINISHED
Object High-z Supernova Search Team
The High-z Supernova Search Team was an international collaboration of astronomers that used distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, leading to the concept of dark energy.
E274696 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: High-z Supernova Search Team | Statement: [Alexei Filippenko, memberOf, High-z Supernova Search Team]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: High-z Supernova Search Team
Context triple: [Alexei Filippenko, memberOf, High-z Supernova Search Team]
  • A. Carnegie Supernova Project
    The Carnegie Supernova Project is an astronomical research initiative focused on observing and characterizing supernovae to improve measurements of cosmic distances and the expansion of the universe.
  • B. Sierra Nevada Observatory team
    The Sierra Nevada Observatory team is an astronomical research group known for its role in discovering the dwarf planet Haumea.
  • C. Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey
    The Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey is an astronomical research project that combines infrared observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope with optical spectroscopy from the IMACS instrument to study the formation and evolution of galaxies across cosmic time.
  • D. Dark Energy Survey
    The Dark Energy Survey is a large international astronomical project that uses a wide-field camera on a Chilean telescope to map hundreds of millions of galaxies and study the nature of dark energy and cosmic acceleration.
  • E. LIGO Scientific Collaboration
    The LIGO Scientific Collaboration is an international group of scientists and institutions that built and operate the LIGO detectors and made the first direct detection of gravitational waves, confirming a key prediction of Einstein’s general relativity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: High-z Supernova Search Team
Triple: [Alexei Filippenko, memberOf, High-z Supernova Search Team]
Generated description
The High-z Supernova Search Team was an international collaboration of astronomers that used distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, leading to the concept of dark energy.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: High-z Supernova Search Team
Target entity description: The High-z Supernova Search Team was an international collaboration of astronomers that used distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, leading to the concept of dark energy.
  • A. Carnegie Supernova Project
    The Carnegie Supernova Project is an astronomical research initiative focused on observing and characterizing supernovae to improve measurements of cosmic distances and the expansion of the universe.
  • B. Sierra Nevada Observatory team
    The Sierra Nevada Observatory team is an astronomical research group known for its role in discovering the dwarf planet Haumea.
  • C. Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey
    The Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey is an astronomical research project that combines infrared observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope with optical spectroscopy from the IMACS instrument to study the formation and evolution of galaxies across cosmic time.
  • D. Dark Energy Survey
    The Dark Energy Survey is a large international astronomical project that uses a wide-field camera on a Chilean telescope to map hundreds of millions of galaxies and study the nature of dark energy and cosmic acceleration.
  • E. LIGO Scientific Collaboration
    The LIGO Scientific Collaboration is an international group of scientists and institutions that built and operate the LIGO detectors and made the first direct detection of gravitational waves, confirming a key prediction of Einstein’s general relativity.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab4a48e4f081908f1218d244608659 completed March 6, 2026, 9:42 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abd257ea908190a010c0b785853546 completed March 7, 2026, 7:23 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69af2bb3b55c81909e72ed055887ecca completed March 9, 2026, 8:21 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69af41aa199c8190b4478a93c41ae18a completed March 9, 2026, 9:54 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69af4277601c8190b55d5c5504dcd0ab completed March 9, 2026, 9:58 p.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:46 p.m.