Triple
T2509190
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | David Romer |
E52659
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks
"The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks" is an influential empirical economics paper that quantifies how exogenous tax policy changes impact output and other key macroeconomic variables.
|
E273023
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks | Statement: [David Romer, notableWork, The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks Context triple: [David Romer, notableWork, The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks]
-
A.
Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations: How Well Does the RBC Model Fit Postwar U.S. Data?
"Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations: How Well Does the RBC Model Fit Postwar U.S. Data?" is an influential macroeconomics paper by Jordi Galí that empirically evaluates the ability of real business cycle models driven by technology shocks to explain postwar U.S. economic fluctuations.
-
B.
the "Volcker shock" in U.S. monetary policy
The "Volcker shock" in U.S. monetary policy refers to the dramatic interest rate hikes and tight monetary stance of the early 1980s aimed at breaking entrenched inflation, which triggered a deep recession but ultimately restored price stability and reshaped central banking practice.
-
C.
The New Keynesian Phillips Curve: Time Series Evidence from the Euro Area
"The New Keynesian Phillips Curve: Time Series Evidence from the Euro Area" is an influential empirical economics paper by Jordi Galí that tests and supports New Keynesian inflation dynamics using euro area data.
-
D.
Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle
"Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle" is a widely cited macroeconomics book that develops and applies New Keynesian models to analyze how monetary policy affects inflation dynamics and economic fluctuations.
-
E.
Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: Do Technology Shocks Explain Aggregate Fluctuations?
"Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: Do Technology Shocks Explain Aggregate Fluctuations?" is an influential macroeconomics paper by Jordi Galí that empirically investigates how technology shocks affect employment and output over the business cycle.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks Triple: [David Romer, notableWork, The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks]
Generated description
"The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks" is an influential empirical economics paper that quantifies how exogenous tax policy changes impact output and other key macroeconomic variables.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks Target entity description: "The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks" is an influential empirical economics paper that quantifies how exogenous tax policy changes impact output and other key macroeconomic variables.
-
A.
Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations: How Well Does the RBC Model Fit Postwar U.S. Data?
"Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations: How Well Does the RBC Model Fit Postwar U.S. Data?" is an influential macroeconomics paper by Jordi Galí that empirically evaluates the ability of real business cycle models driven by technology shocks to explain postwar U.S. economic fluctuations.
-
B.
the "Volcker shock" in U.S. monetary policy
The "Volcker shock" in U.S. monetary policy refers to the dramatic interest rate hikes and tight monetary stance of the early 1980s aimed at breaking entrenched inflation, which triggered a deep recession but ultimately restored price stability and reshaped central banking practice.
-
C.
The New Keynesian Phillips Curve: Time Series Evidence from the Euro Area
"The New Keynesian Phillips Curve: Time Series Evidence from the Euro Area" is an influential empirical economics paper by Jordi Galí that tests and supports New Keynesian inflation dynamics using euro area data.
-
D.
Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle
"Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle" is a widely cited macroeconomics book that develops and applies New Keynesian models to analyze how monetary policy affects inflation dynamics and economic fluctuations.
-
E.
Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: Do Technology Shocks Explain Aggregate Fluctuations?
"Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: Do Technology Shocks Explain Aggregate Fluctuations?" is an influential macroeconomics paper by Jordi Galí that empirically investigates how technology shocks affect employment and output over the business cycle.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ab4958e76481908a235377dd921c9e |
completed | March 6, 2026, 9:38 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abd1ed94a08190a172a426c2123f36 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 7:21 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69af1faa33148190a3ad6ece7432b81f |
completed | March 9, 2026, 7:29 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69af20aafd008190ad9fee7c154f8597 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 7:34 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69af2193102c81908f5fe1c899cc1a85 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 7:37 p.m. |
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:46 p.m.