Triple

T2509190
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject David Romer E52659 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks
"The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks" is an influential empirical economics paper that quantifies how exogenous tax policy changes impact output and other key macroeconomic variables.
E273023 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks | Statement: [David Romer, notableWork, The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks
Context triple: [David Romer, notableWork, The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks]
  • A. Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations: How Well Does the RBC Model Fit Postwar U.S. Data?
    "Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations: How Well Does the RBC Model Fit Postwar U.S. Data?" is an influential macroeconomics paper by Jordi Galí that empirically evaluates the ability of real business cycle models driven by technology shocks to explain postwar U.S. economic fluctuations.
  • B. the "Volcker shock" in U.S. monetary policy
    The "Volcker shock" in U.S. monetary policy refers to the dramatic interest rate hikes and tight monetary stance of the early 1980s aimed at breaking entrenched inflation, which triggered a deep recession but ultimately restored price stability and reshaped central banking practice.
  • C. The New Keynesian Phillips Curve: Time Series Evidence from the Euro Area
    "The New Keynesian Phillips Curve: Time Series Evidence from the Euro Area" is an influential empirical economics paper by Jordi Galí that tests and supports New Keynesian inflation dynamics using euro area data.
  • D. Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle
    "Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle" is a widely cited macroeconomics book that develops and applies New Keynesian models to analyze how monetary policy affects inflation dynamics and economic fluctuations.
  • E. Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: Do Technology Shocks Explain Aggregate Fluctuations?
    "Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: Do Technology Shocks Explain Aggregate Fluctuations?" is an influential macroeconomics paper by Jordi Galí that empirically investigates how technology shocks affect employment and output over the business cycle.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks
Triple: [David Romer, notableWork, The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks]
Generated description
"The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks" is an influential empirical economics paper that quantifies how exogenous tax policy changes impact output and other key macroeconomic variables.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks
Target entity description: "The Macroeconomic Effects of Tax Changes: Estimates Based on a New Measure of Fiscal Shocks" is an influential empirical economics paper that quantifies how exogenous tax policy changes impact output and other key macroeconomic variables.
  • A. Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations: How Well Does the RBC Model Fit Postwar U.S. Data?
    "Technology Shocks and Aggregate Fluctuations: How Well Does the RBC Model Fit Postwar U.S. Data?" is an influential macroeconomics paper by Jordi Galí that empirically evaluates the ability of real business cycle models driven by technology shocks to explain postwar U.S. economic fluctuations.
  • B. the "Volcker shock" in U.S. monetary policy
    The "Volcker shock" in U.S. monetary policy refers to the dramatic interest rate hikes and tight monetary stance of the early 1980s aimed at breaking entrenched inflation, which triggered a deep recession but ultimately restored price stability and reshaped central banking practice.
  • C. The New Keynesian Phillips Curve: Time Series Evidence from the Euro Area
    "The New Keynesian Phillips Curve: Time Series Evidence from the Euro Area" is an influential empirical economics paper by Jordi Galí that tests and supports New Keynesian inflation dynamics using euro area data.
  • D. Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle
    "Monetary Policy, Inflation, and the Business Cycle" is a widely cited macroeconomics book that develops and applies New Keynesian models to analyze how monetary policy affects inflation dynamics and economic fluctuations.
  • E. Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: Do Technology Shocks Explain Aggregate Fluctuations?
    "Technology, Employment, and the Business Cycle: Do Technology Shocks Explain Aggregate Fluctuations?" is an influential macroeconomics paper by Jordi Galí that empirically investigates how technology shocks affect employment and output over the business cycle.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab4958e76481908a235377dd921c9e completed March 6, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abd1ed94a08190a172a426c2123f36 completed March 7, 2026, 7:21 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69af1faa33148190a3ad6ece7432b81f completed March 9, 2026, 7:29 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69af20aafd008190ad9fee7c154f8597 completed March 9, 2026, 7:34 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69af2193102c81908f5fe1c899cc1a85 completed March 9, 2026, 7:37 p.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:46 p.m.