Triple

T2465301
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject James Peebles E55232 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Physical Cosmology
Physical Cosmology is a branch of astrophysics that studies the large-scale structure, origin, evolution, and fate of the universe using the laws of physics.
E270354 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Physical Cosmology | Statement: [James Peebles, notableWork, Physical Cosmology]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Physical Cosmology
Context triple: [James Peebles, notableWork, Physical Cosmology]
  • A. Gravitation and Cosmology
    Gravitation and Cosmology is a landmark graduate-level textbook by Steven Weinberg that presents a comprehensive, modern treatment of general relativity and its applications to cosmology and astrophysics.
  • B. Big Bang cosmology
    Big Bang cosmology is the prevailing scientific framework that explains the origin, early evolution, and large-scale structure of the universe as emerging from an extremely hot, dense initial state that has been expanding over time.
  • C. FLRW cosmological models
    FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
  • D. Lambda-CDM model
    The Lambda-CDM model is the standard cosmological framework describing a universe dominated by dark energy (Λ) and cold dark matter (CDM), successfully explaining the large-scale structure, expansion history, and cosmic microwave background observations.
  • E. observable universe
    The observable universe is the portion of the entire cosmos that we can in principle detect or observe from Earth, limited by the finite speed of light and the age of the universe.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Physical Cosmology
Triple: [James Peebles, notableWork, Physical Cosmology]
Generated description
Physical Cosmology is a branch of astrophysics that studies the large-scale structure, origin, evolution, and fate of the universe using the laws of physics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Physical Cosmology
Target entity description: Physical Cosmology is a branch of astrophysics that studies the large-scale structure, origin, evolution, and fate of the universe using the laws of physics.
  • A. Gravitation and Cosmology
    Gravitation and Cosmology is a landmark graduate-level textbook by Steven Weinberg that presents a comprehensive, modern treatment of general relativity and its applications to cosmology and astrophysics.
  • B. Big Bang cosmology
    Big Bang cosmology is the prevailing scientific framework that explains the origin, early evolution, and large-scale structure of the universe as emerging from an extremely hot, dense initial state that has been expanding over time.
  • C. FLRW cosmological models
    FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
  • D. Lambda-CDM model
    The Lambda-CDM model is the standard cosmological framework describing a universe dominated by dark energy (Λ) and cold dark matter (CDM), successfully explaining the large-scale structure, expansion history, and cosmic microwave background observations.
  • E. observable universe
    The observable universe is the portion of the entire cosmos that we can in principle detect or observe from Earth, limited by the finite speed of light and the age of the universe.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab49e3622c8190ad22afa2c4fbb807 completed March 6, 2026, 9:40 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abd1216f44819094c46ae7c2c1e394 completed March 7, 2026, 7:17 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69af1799b530819095d828c9d4a9dc9c completed March 9, 2026, 6:55 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69af1a13336081908c134023db0cc63e completed March 9, 2026, 7:05 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69af1a7762908190a0efd063e1e72bda completed March 9, 2026, 7:07 p.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:44 p.m.