Triple
T2414963
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Cumae |
E52280
|
entity |
| Predicate | battleOccurredNear |
P37770
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Battle of Cumae (474 BC)
The Battle of Cumae (474 BC) was a decisive naval engagement in which the Greek city-states of Cumae and Syracuse defeated the Etruscan fleet, halting Etruscan expansion in southern Italy.
|
E265009
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Battle of Cumae (474 BC) | Statement: [Cumae, battleOccurredNear, Battle of Cumae (474 BC)]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Cumae (474 BC) Context triple: [Cumae, battleOccurredNear, Battle of Cumae (474 BC)]
-
A.
Battle of Samos
The Battle of Samos was a World War II engagement in the Aegean Sea in 1943, in which Allied and Axis forces fought for control of the Greek island of Samos during the Dodecanese campaign.
-
B.
Battle of Ecnomus
The Battle of Ecnomus was a major naval engagement of the First Punic War in 256 BC, often considered one of the largest naval battles of antiquity, in which Rome decisively defeated Carthage off the southern coast of Sicily.
-
C.
Battle of Chaeronea (First Mithridatic War)
The Battle of Chaeronea (First Mithridatic War) was a decisive 86 BC engagement in Greece where Roman forces under Lucius Cornelius Sulla crushed the army of Mithridates VI of Pontus, securing Roman dominance in the region.
-
D.
Battle of Mycale
The Battle of Mycale was a decisive 479 BC engagement during the Greco-Persian Wars in which a coalition of Greek city-states defeated the Persian fleet and army on the coast of Asia Minor, helping end Persian naval dominance in the region.
-
E.
Battle of Elaia–Kalamas
The Battle of Elaia–Kalamas was an early World War II engagement in late 1940 in which Greek forces successfully repelled an Italian offensive in northwestern Greece, contributing to the failure of Italy’s initial invasion.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Battle of Cumae (474 BC) Triple: [Cumae, battleOccurredNear, Battle of Cumae (474 BC)]
Generated description
The Battle of Cumae (474 BC) was a decisive naval engagement in which the Greek city-states of Cumae and Syracuse defeated the Etruscan fleet, halting Etruscan expansion in southern Italy.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Battle of Cumae (474 BC) Target entity description: The Battle of Cumae (474 BC) was a decisive naval engagement in which the Greek city-states of Cumae and Syracuse defeated the Etruscan fleet, halting Etruscan expansion in southern Italy.
-
A.
Battle of Samos
The Battle of Samos was a World War II engagement in the Aegean Sea in 1943, in which Allied and Axis forces fought for control of the Greek island of Samos during the Dodecanese campaign.
-
B.
Battle of Ecnomus
The Battle of Ecnomus was a major naval engagement of the First Punic War in 256 BC, often considered one of the largest naval battles of antiquity, in which Rome decisively defeated Carthage off the southern coast of Sicily.
-
C.
Battle of Chaeronea (First Mithridatic War)
The Battle of Chaeronea (First Mithridatic War) was a decisive 86 BC engagement in Greece where Roman forces under Lucius Cornelius Sulla crushed the army of Mithridates VI of Pontus, securing Roman dominance in the region.
-
D.
Battle of Mycale
The Battle of Mycale was a decisive 479 BC engagement during the Greco-Persian Wars in which a coalition of Greek city-states defeated the Persian fleet and army on the coast of Asia Minor, helping end Persian naval dominance in the region.
-
E.
Battle of Elaia–Kalamas
The Battle of Elaia–Kalamas was an early World War II engagement in late 1940 in which Greek forces successfully repelled an Italian offensive in northwestern Greece, contributing to the failure of Italy’s initial invasion.
- F. None of above. chosen
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: battleOccurredNear Context triple: [Cumae, battleOccurredNear, Battle of Cumae (474 BC)]
-
A.
battleOccurred
Indicates that a conflict or combat event took place between specified parties at a particular time and/or location.
-
B.
battleOccurredOn
Indicates that a specific battle took place at or on a particular location or date.
-
C.
battleAlsoKnownAs
Indicates that a particular battle is known by an alternative name or names.
-
D.
hasSignificantBattle
Indicates that a major or decisive battle occurred involving the related entities.
-
E.
battledIn
Indicates that two or more entities engaged in a battle or conflict that took place at a specific location or during a particular event.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (7 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ab495622948190bc6bc6e4cddaf645 |
completed | March 6, 2026, 9:38 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abc94bd7ec81909f5b4a16a406165b |
completed | March 7, 2026, 6:44 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69aebf4748d0819088aec3bc14dc5519 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 12:38 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69aec338adf481908492b99d6e949bf8 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 12:55 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69aec3d410048190b908e883442b4ac2 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 12:57 p.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69abc5a6cbd0819086c0716e266b7ebb |
completed | March 7, 2026, 6:28 a.m. |
| PDg | Predicate description generation | batch_69abc6011e348190b6f9c038c7559289 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 6:30 a.m. |
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:41 p.m.