Triple

T2384371
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Zohar Manna E46383 entity
Predicate authorOf P4244 FINISHED
Object Program Verification: Approaches and Tools
"Program Verification: Approaches and Tools" is a foundational work in computer science that systematically presents methods and practical techniques for proving the correctness of software programs.
E260374 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Program Verification: Approaches and Tools | Statement: [Zohar Manna, authorOf, Program Verification: Approaches and Tools]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Program Verification: Approaches and Tools
Context triple: [Zohar Manna, authorOf, Program Verification: Approaches and Tools]
  • A. Model Checking (book)
    "Model Checking" is a foundational textbook that systematically presents the theory and practice of using automated verification techniques to prove correctness properties of hardware and software systems.
  • B. Hoare logic
    Hoare logic is a formal system in computer science used to reason rigorously about the correctness of computer programs using logical assertions about program states.
  • C. Symbolic Model Checking
    Symbolic Model Checking is a formal verification technique that uses symbolic representations, such as binary decision diagrams, to efficiently verify properties of hardware and software systems with very large state spaces.
  • D. Isabelle/HOL: A Proof Assistant for Higher-Order Logic
    "Isabelle/HOL: A Proof Assistant for Higher-Order Logic" is a foundational book and system documentation that presents the Isabelle/HOL interactive theorem prover, widely used for formal verification and higher-order logic reasoning in computer science and mathematics.
  • E. Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver
    Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver is a high-performance satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver widely used in program verification, formal methods, and automated reasoning.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Program Verification: Approaches and Tools
Triple: [Zohar Manna, authorOf, Program Verification: Approaches and Tools]
Generated description
"Program Verification: Approaches and Tools" is a foundational work in computer science that systematically presents methods and practical techniques for proving the correctness of software programs.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Program Verification: Approaches and Tools
Target entity description: "Program Verification: Approaches and Tools" is a foundational work in computer science that systematically presents methods and practical techniques for proving the correctness of software programs.
  • A. Model Checking (book)
    "Model Checking" is a foundational textbook that systematically presents the theory and practice of using automated verification techniques to prove correctness properties of hardware and software systems.
  • B. Hoare logic
    Hoare logic is a formal system in computer science used to reason rigorously about the correctness of computer programs using logical assertions about program states.
  • C. Symbolic Model Checking
    Symbolic Model Checking is a formal verification technique that uses symbolic representations, such as binary decision diagrams, to efficiently verify properties of hardware and software systems with very large state spaces.
  • D. Isabelle/HOL: A Proof Assistant for Higher-Order Logic
    "Isabelle/HOL: A Proof Assistant for Higher-Order Logic" is a foundational book and system documentation that presents the Isabelle/HOL interactive theorem prover, widely used for formal verification and higher-order logic reasoning in computer science and mathematics.
  • E. Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver
    Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver is a high-performance satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver widely used in program verification, formal methods, and automated reasoning.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a88a1554a48190a0180682bcf099be completed March 4, 2026, 7:37 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abc7bc87d0819090cd9d19d748bcc3 completed March 7, 2026, 6:37 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69aea8bae2ec8190962479832bf7762e completed March 9, 2026, 11:02 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69aeab4258f88190a7a009d0fa501dd4 completed March 9, 2026, 11:13 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69aeaba59cd08190981af351019b3e81 completed March 9, 2026, 11:14 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:57 p.m.