Triple

T23547717
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject J. G. Cooper E577950 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Contributions to the California Academy of Sciences proceedings — NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (3 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Contributions to the California Academy of Sciences proceedings | Statement: [J. G. Cooper, notableWork, Contributions to the California Academy of Sciences proceedings]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Contributions to the California Academy of Sciences proceedings
Context triple: [J. G. Cooper, notableWork, Contributions to the California Academy of Sciences proceedings]
  • A. Contributions to the History of American Natural History
    Contributions to the History of American Natural History is a scholarly work by George Brown Goode that surveys and analyzes the development of natural history study and institutions in the United States.
  • B. Observations in Natural History
    Observations in Natural History is a 19th-century natural history work by English clergyman and naturalist Leonard Jenyns, reflecting his detailed studies of British wildlife and the natural world.
  • C. Or, the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras
    "Or, the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras" is the subtitle of Alfred Russel Wallace’s influential 1880 work "Island Life," which analyzes how isolation shapes the evolution and distribution of island plants and animals.
  • D. Essays of a Biologist
    Essays of a Biologist is a collection of influential essays by evolutionary biologist Julian Huxley that explores biology’s implications for human society, philosophy, and the modern worldview.
  • E. A First Lesson in Natural History
    A First Lesson in Natural History is a 19th-century introductory science book that presents basic concepts of natural history in an accessible, educational format for young readers.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Contributions to the California Academy of Sciences proceedings
Target entity description: Contributions to the California Academy of Sciences proceedings is a scientific work by J. G. Cooper documenting research findings published through the California Academy of Sciences.
  • A. Contributions to the History of American Natural History
    Contributions to the History of American Natural History is a scholarly work by George Brown Goode that surveys and analyzes the development of natural history study and institutions in the United States.
  • B. Observations in Natural History
    Observations in Natural History is a 19th-century natural history work by English clergyman and naturalist Leonard Jenyns, reflecting his detailed studies of British wildlife and the natural world.
  • C. Or, the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras
    "Or, the Phenomena and Causes of Insular Faunas and Floras" is the subtitle of Alfred Russel Wallace’s influential 1880 work "Island Life," which analyzes how isolation shapes the evolution and distribution of island plants and animals.
  • D. Essays of a Biologist
    Essays of a Biologist is a collection of influential essays by evolutionary biologist Julian Huxley that explores biology’s implications for human society, philosophy, and the modern worldview.
  • E. A First Lesson in Natural History
    A First Lesson in Natural History is a 19th-century introductory science book that presents basic concepts of natural history in an accessible, educational format for young readers.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e245fa93448190919cb04534560542 completed April 17, 2026, 2:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69f1aecc2af08190aec07cf9126d4e72 completed April 29, 2026, 7:10 a.m.
Created at: April 17, 2026, 6:11 p.m.