Triple

T23547715
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject J. G. Cooper E577950 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Ornithology, Volume I of the Pacific Railroad Reports NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (3 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Ornithology, Volume I of the Pacific Railroad Reports | Statement: [J. G. Cooper, notableWork, Ornithology, Volume I of the Pacific Railroad Reports]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ornithology, Volume I of the Pacific Railroad Reports
Context triple: [J. G. Cooper, notableWork, Ornithology, Volume I of the Pacific Railroad Reports]
  • A. A Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and of Canada
    A Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and of Canada is a foundational 19th-century bird guide that systematically describes and classifies the avifauna of North America.
  • B. Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds
    Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds is an ornithological work by John Latham that expands and updates his earlier comprehensive survey of bird species.
  • C. Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America
    Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America is a 19th-century ornithological work by John Cassin featuring detailed descriptions and plates of bird species from the western and northwestern regions of North America.
  • D. Fauna Boreali-Americana (ornithology sections)
    Fauna Boreali-Americana (ornithology sections) is the ornithological portion of a 19th-century natural history work on the animals of northern North America, authored by William John Swainson and others, that provided foundational descriptions and illustrations of the region’s bird species.
  • E. The New and Heretofore Unfigured Species of the Birds of North America
    The New and Heretofore Unfigured Species of the Birds of North America is a 19th-century ornithological work by Daniel Giraud Elliot that documents and illustrates previously undescribed bird species from North America.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ornithology, Volume I of the Pacific Railroad Reports
Target entity description: "Ornithology, Volume I of the Pacific Railroad Reports" is a 19th-century scientific work by J. G. Cooper documenting the bird species encountered during U.S. Pacific railroad exploration and surveys.
  • A. A Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and of Canada
    A Manual of the Ornithology of the United States and of Canada is a foundational 19th-century bird guide that systematically describes and classifies the avifauna of North America.
  • B. Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds
    Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds is an ornithological work by John Latham that expands and updates his earlier comprehensive survey of bird species.
  • C. Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America
    Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, Oregon, British and Russian America is a 19th-century ornithological work by John Cassin featuring detailed descriptions and plates of bird species from the western and northwestern regions of North America.
  • D. Fauna Boreali-Americana (ornithology sections)
    Fauna Boreali-Americana (ornithology sections) is the ornithological portion of a 19th-century natural history work on the animals of northern North America, authored by William John Swainson and others, that provided foundational descriptions and illustrations of the region’s bird species.
  • E. The New and Heretofore Unfigured Species of the Birds of North America
    The New and Heretofore Unfigured Species of the Birds of North America is a 19th-century ornithological work by Daniel Giraud Elliot that documents and illustrates previously undescribed bird species from North America.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e245fa93448190919cb04534560542 completed April 17, 2026, 2:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69f1aecc2af08190aec07cf9126d4e72 completed April 29, 2026, 7:10 a.m.
Created at: April 17, 2026, 6:11 p.m.