Triple

T23036156
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Bergson–Samuelson social welfare function E573599 entity
Predicate formalizedIn P6279 FINISHED
Object Bergson’s 1938 paper "A Reformulation of Certain Aspects of Welfare Economics" NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (3 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Bergson’s 1938 paper "A Reformulation of Certain Aspects of Welfare Economics" | Statement: [Bergson–Samuelson social welfare function, formalizedIn, Bergson’s 1938 paper "A Reformulation of Certain Aspects of Welfare Economics"]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bergson’s 1938 paper "A Reformulation of Certain Aspects of Welfare Economics"
Context triple: [Bergson–Samuelson social welfare function, formalizedIn, Bergson’s 1938 paper "A Reformulation of Certain Aspects of Welfare Economics"]
  • A. Bergson–Samuelson social welfare function
    The Bergson–Samuelson social welfare function is a formal tool in welfare economics that aggregates individual utilities into a single measure of social welfare to evaluate and compare economic states or policies.
  • B. Léon Walras's Elements of Pure Economics
    Léon Walras's *Elements of Pure Economics* is a foundational 19th-century work in economics that systematically developed the theory of general equilibrium using mathematical methods.
  • C. The Economics of Welfare
    The Economics of Welfare is a foundational 1920 economics treatise by Arthur Cecil Pigou that systematically develops welfare economics and the concept of externalities to analyze the role of government in correcting market failures.
  • D. Kaldor’s theory of distribution
    Kaldor’s theory of distribution is a post-Keynesian economic model explaining how income is divided between wages and profits based on savings behavior and investment, emphasizing the role of profit shares in achieving macroeconomic equilibrium.
  • E. An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science
    An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science is a foundational 1932 work in economic methodology that famously defines economics in terms of the allocation of scarce resources among competing ends.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bergson’s 1938 paper "A Reformulation of Certain Aspects of Welfare Economics"
Target entity description: Bergson’s 1938 paper "A Reformulation of Certain Aspects of Welfare Economics" is a foundational work in modern welfare economics that rigorously introduced social welfare analysis using individual preferences and value judgments.
  • A. Bergson–Samuelson social welfare function chosen
    The Bergson–Samuelson social welfare function is a formal tool in welfare economics that aggregates individual utilities into a single measure of social welfare to evaluate and compare economic states or policies.
  • B. Léon Walras's Elements of Pure Economics
    Léon Walras's *Elements of Pure Economics* is a foundational 19th-century work in economics that systematically developed the theory of general equilibrium using mathematical methods.
  • C. The Economics of Welfare
    The Economics of Welfare is a foundational 1920 economics treatise by Arthur Cecil Pigou that systematically develops welfare economics and the concept of externalities to analyze the role of government in correcting market failures.
  • D. Kaldor’s theory of distribution
    Kaldor’s theory of distribution is a post-Keynesian economic model explaining how income is divided between wages and profits based on savings behavior and investment, emphasizing the role of profit shares in achieving macroeconomic equilibrium.
  • E. An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science
    An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science is a foundational 1932 work in economic methodology that famously defines economics in terms of the allocation of scarce resources among competing ends.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e245b911188190bc3d96326c847969 completed April 17, 2026, 2:37 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69f1850fe5348190b42259595d82cff4 completed April 29, 2026, 4:12 a.m.
Created at: April 17, 2026, 3:53 p.m.