Triple
T228962
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Carl Friedrich Gauss |
E4368
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasConceptNamedAfter |
P3325
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Gauss’s lemma in number theory
Gauss’s lemma in number theory is a result that relates the Legendre symbol to the number of sign changes in a certain sequence of multiples, providing a practical criterion for determining quadratic residues modulo an odd prime.
|
E29548
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Gauss’s lemma in number theory | Statement: [Carl Friedrich Gauss, hasConceptNamedAfter, Gauss’s lemma in number theory]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gauss’s lemma in number theory Context triple: [Carl Friedrich Gauss, hasConceptNamedAfter, Gauss’s lemma in number theory]
-
A.
Disquisitiones Arithmeticae
Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a foundational 1801 treatise on number theory that systematically developed the subject and introduced many of its central concepts and methods.
-
B.
Gauss’s constant
Gauss’s constant is a mathematical constant arising in number theory and complex analysis, particularly in connection with the lemniscate and elliptic functions.
-
C.
Dyson’s transform in number theory
Dyson’s transform in number theory is a combinatorial technique introduced by Freeman Dyson to manipulate and relate integer partitions, particularly in the study of partition identities and congruences.
-
D.
Gaussian integers
Gaussian integers are complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are both integers, forming a lattice in the complex plane with important applications in number theory and algebra.
-
E.
Über die Bildung des Formensystems der ternären biquadratischen Form
"Über die Bildung des Formensystems der ternären biquadratischen Form" is the 1907 doctoral dissertation of mathematician Emmy Noether, in which she investigates the invariant theory of certain higher-degree algebraic forms.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Gauss’s lemma in number theory Triple: [Carl Friedrich Gauss, hasConceptNamedAfter, Gauss’s lemma in number theory]
Generated description
Gauss’s lemma in number theory is a result that relates the Legendre symbol to the number of sign changes in a certain sequence of multiples, providing a practical criterion for determining quadratic residues modulo an odd prime.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gauss’s lemma in number theory Target entity description: Gauss’s lemma in number theory is a result that relates the Legendre symbol to the number of sign changes in a certain sequence of multiples, providing a practical criterion for determining quadratic residues modulo an odd prime.
-
A.
Disquisitiones Arithmeticae
Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a foundational 1801 treatise on number theory that systematically developed the subject and introduced many of its central concepts and methods.
-
B.
Gauss’s constant
Gauss’s constant is a mathematical constant arising in number theory and complex analysis, particularly in connection with the lemniscate and elliptic functions.
-
C.
Dyson’s transform in number theory
Dyson’s transform in number theory is a combinatorial technique introduced by Freeman Dyson to manipulate and relate integer partitions, particularly in the study of partition identities and congruences.
-
D.
Gaussian integers
Gaussian integers are complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are both integers, forming a lattice in the complex plane with important applications in number theory and algebra.
-
E.
Über die Bildung des Formensystems der ternären biquadratischen Form
"Über die Bildung des Formensystems der ternären biquadratischen Form" is the 1907 doctoral dissertation of mathematician Emmy Noether, in which she investigates the invariant theory of certain higher-degree algebraic forms.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a257363ffc81909757bde7ab3404da |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 2:47 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a260c42060819089eb772202e504f5 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 3:28 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a35ea326608190be39ec5260c3dac3 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 9:31 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a35f0007208190acdfc17cd4bdf9b7 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 9:32 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a35f8565e081908ad0853151b57eba |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 9:35 p.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:53 a.m.