Triple
T22793306
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Willis Eugene Lamb |
E564170
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Lamb shift |
—
|
NE NERFINISHED |
How this triple was built (3 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lamb shift | Statement: [Willis Eugene Lamb, knownFor, Lamb shift]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lamb shift Context triple: [Willis Eugene Lamb, knownFor, Lamb shift]
-
A.
Rydberg constant
The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
-
B.
Zitterbewegung
Zitterbewegung is a rapid, trembling motion predicted for relativistic quantum particles, arising from interference between positive and negative energy states in the Dirac equation.
-
C.
Stark effect
The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
-
D.
Sommerfeld fine-structure formula
The Sommerfeld fine-structure formula is a relativistic extension of the Bohr model that accurately predicts the fine-structure energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
-
E.
Segré–Silberberg effect
The Segré–Silberberg effect is a fluid dynamics phenomenon in which particles suspended in laminar flow through a circular tube migrate to stable equilibrium positions at a characteristic radial distance from the tube wall.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lamb shift Target entity description: The Lamb shift is a small difference in energy levels of the hydrogen atom, revealed by precision spectroscopy and explained by quantum electrodynamics as arising from interactions between the electron and vacuum fluctuations.
-
A.
Rydberg constant
The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
-
B.
Zitterbewegung
Zitterbewegung is a rapid, trembling motion predicted for relativistic quantum particles, arising from interference between positive and negative energy states in the Dirac equation.
-
C.
Stark effect
The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
-
D.
Sommerfeld fine-structure formula
The Sommerfeld fine-structure formula is a relativistic extension of the Bohr model that accurately predicts the fine-structure energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
-
E.
Segré–Silberberg effect
The Segré–Silberberg effect is a fluid dynamics phenomenon in which particles suspended in laminar flow through a circular tube migrate to stable equilibrium positions at a characteristic radial distance from the tube wall.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (2 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69e2458185f88190b0045227ee420411 |
completed | April 17, 2026, 2:36 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69f17cd751f081909c7907c96c9906ea |
completed | April 29, 2026, 3:36 a.m. |
Created at: April 17, 2026, 3:30 p.m.