Triple

T2264860
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Henry Norris Russell E50120 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Russell–Saunders coupling
Russell–Saunders coupling is an atomic physics scheme that describes how individual electron orbital and spin angular momenta combine to determine the total angular momentum of an atom, especially in light atoms.
E251512 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Russell–Saunders coupling | Statement: [Henry Norris Russell, knownFor, Russell–Saunders coupling]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Russell–Saunders coupling
Context triple: [Henry Norris Russell, knownFor, Russell–Saunders coupling]
  • A. Wigner–Eckart theorem
    The Wigner–Eckart theorem is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics that factorizes matrix elements of tensor operators into a reduced matrix element and a purely geometric part given by Clebsch–Gordan coefficients, greatly simplifying angular momentum calculations.
  • B. Zeeman effect
    The Zeeman effect is the splitting of atomic or molecular spectral lines into multiple components when subjected to an external magnetic field, revealing information about energy levels and magnetic moments.
  • C. Stark effect
    The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
  • D. Sommerfeld fine-structure formula
    The Sommerfeld fine-structure formula is a relativistic extension of the Bohr model that accurately predicts the fine-structure energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
  • E. Bohr magneton
    The Bohr magneton is a fundamental physical constant that represents the natural unit of the electron’s magnetic moment in atomic physics.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Russell–Saunders coupling
Triple: [Henry Norris Russell, knownFor, Russell–Saunders coupling]
Generated description
Russell–Saunders coupling is an atomic physics scheme that describes how individual electron orbital and spin angular momenta combine to determine the total angular momentum of an atom, especially in light atoms.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Russell–Saunders coupling
Target entity description: Russell–Saunders coupling is an atomic physics scheme that describes how individual electron orbital and spin angular momenta combine to determine the total angular momentum of an atom, especially in light atoms.
  • A. Wigner–Eckart theorem
    The Wigner–Eckart theorem is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics that factorizes matrix elements of tensor operators into a reduced matrix element and a purely geometric part given by Clebsch–Gordan coefficients, greatly simplifying angular momentum calculations.
  • B. Zeeman effect
    The Zeeman effect is the splitting of atomic or molecular spectral lines into multiple components when subjected to an external magnetic field, revealing information about energy levels and magnetic moments.
  • C. Stark effect
    The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
  • D. Sommerfeld fine-structure formula
    The Sommerfeld fine-structure formula is a relativistic extension of the Bohr model that accurately predicts the fine-structure energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
  • E. Bohr magneton
    The Bohr magneton is a fundamental physical constant that represents the natural unit of the electron’s magnetic moment in atomic physics.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a88b01e0048190ba96431b5f990ba9 completed March 4, 2026, 7:41 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abc18ed0708190aa3156e9d35120c3 completed March 7, 2026, 6:11 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ae71d243608190bbfe5784fa06e26b completed March 9, 2026, 7:08 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ae728e46608190b4192519c705bc32 completed March 9, 2026, 7:11 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ae72ff572081909b7c4aebb9e26180 completed March 9, 2026, 7:13 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:48 p.m.