Triple
T2227989
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Edward Witten |
E48697
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Seiberg–Witten theory
Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
|
E244833
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Seiberg–Witten theory | Statement: [Edward Witten, notableWork, Seiberg–Witten theory]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Seiberg–Witten theory Context triple: [Edward Witten, notableWork, Seiberg–Witten theory]
-
A.
Chern–Simons theory
Chern–Simons theory is a topological quantum field theory in three dimensions that plays a central role in modern geometry, topology, and theoretical physics, particularly in the study of knot invariants and gauge fields.
-
B.
Calabi–Yau manifold
A Calabi–Yau manifold is a special type of complex manifold with vanishing first Chern class that plays a central role in string theory compactifications and complex algebraic geometry.
-
C.
Atiyah–Singer index theorem
The Atiyah–Singer index theorem is a fundamental result in mathematics that links the analytical properties of elliptic differential operators to topological invariants of manifolds, unifying analysis, topology, and geometry.
-
D.
M-theory
M-theory is a proposed unifying framework in theoretical physics that generalizes string theories into an eleven-dimensional model aiming to reconcile quantum mechanics with gravity.
-
E.
Green–Schwarz mechanism
The Green–Schwarz mechanism is a key anomaly-cancellation process in string theory that ensures the mathematical consistency of certain superstring models by eliminating gauge and gravitational anomalies.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Seiberg–Witten theory Triple: [Edward Witten, notableWork, Seiberg–Witten theory]
Generated description
Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Seiberg–Witten theory Target entity description: Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
-
A.
Chern–Simons theory
Chern–Simons theory is a topological quantum field theory in three dimensions that plays a central role in modern geometry, topology, and theoretical physics, particularly in the study of knot invariants and gauge fields.
-
B.
Calabi–Yau manifold
A Calabi–Yau manifold is a special type of complex manifold with vanishing first Chern class that plays a central role in string theory compactifications and complex algebraic geometry.
-
C.
Atiyah–Singer index theorem
The Atiyah–Singer index theorem is a fundamental result in mathematics that links the analytical properties of elliptic differential operators to topological invariants of manifolds, unifying analysis, topology, and geometry.
-
D.
M-theory
M-theory is a proposed unifying framework in theoretical physics that generalizes string theories into an eleven-dimensional model aiming to reconcile quantum mechanics with gravity.
-
E.
Green–Schwarz mechanism
The Green–Schwarz mechanism is a key anomaly-cancellation process in string theory that ensures the mathematical consistency of certain superstring models by eliminating gauge and gravitational anomalies.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88aa51b388190949868ec9766e587 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:40 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abc0670ce48190b98814064bff0517 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 6:06 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae6567b64c8190ab718f20bbf033df |
completed | March 9, 2026, 6:15 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae666bd32c81909ff15201757a6c76 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 6:19 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae66d8ba688190a2102c00fc6231c4 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 6:21 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:47 p.m.