Triple

T21674518
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Saul Teukolsky E534933 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Teukolsky formalism for perturbations of rotating black holes NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (3 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Teukolsky formalism for perturbations of rotating black holes | Statement: [Saul Teukolsky, knownFor, Teukolsky formalism for perturbations of rotating black holes]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Teukolsky formalism for perturbations of rotating black holes
Context triple: [Saul Teukolsky, knownFor, Teukolsky formalism for perturbations of rotating black holes]
  • A. “Rotating Black Holes: Locally Nonrotating Frames, Energy Extraction, and Scalar Synchrotron Radiation”
    “Rotating Black Holes: Locally Nonrotating Frames, Energy Extraction, and Scalar Synchrotron Radiation” is a seminal research paper by James M. Bardeen that analyzes the physics of rotating (Kerr) black holes, introducing locally nonrotating frames and mechanisms for extracting energy from their rotation.
  • B. Zeldovich–Novikov theory of black holes
    The Zeldovich–Novikov theory of black holes is a foundational theoretical framework that analyzes the formation, structure, and astrophysical properties of black holes within the context of general relativity and high-energy astrophysics.
  • C. The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes
    The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes is a landmark monograph that presents a rigorous, comprehensive treatment of the physics and mathematics underlying black hole solutions in general relativity.
  • D. Bardeen black hole model
    The Bardeen black hole model is a theoretical proposal of a regular (non-singular) black hole solution in general relativity that avoids the central singularity by coupling gravity to nonlinear electrodynamics.
  • E. Newman–Penrose formalism
    The Newman–Penrose formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that uses null tetrads and spin coefficients to simplify the analysis of spacetime geometry and gravitational radiation.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Teukolsky formalism for perturbations of rotating black holes
Target entity description: The Teukolsky formalism for perturbations of rotating black holes is a mathematical framework that describes how fields and gravitational waves behave around Kerr black holes by reducing their perturbations to a separable wave equation.
  • A. “Rotating Black Holes: Locally Nonrotating Frames, Energy Extraction, and Scalar Synchrotron Radiation”
    “Rotating Black Holes: Locally Nonrotating Frames, Energy Extraction, and Scalar Synchrotron Radiation” is a seminal research paper by James M. Bardeen that analyzes the physics of rotating (Kerr) black holes, introducing locally nonrotating frames and mechanisms for extracting energy from their rotation.
  • B. Zeldovich–Novikov theory of black holes
    The Zeldovich–Novikov theory of black holes is a foundational theoretical framework that analyzes the formation, structure, and astrophysical properties of black holes within the context of general relativity and high-energy astrophysics.
  • C. The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes
    The Mathematical Theory of Black Holes is a landmark monograph that presents a rigorous, comprehensive treatment of the physics and mathematics underlying black hole solutions in general relativity.
  • D. Bardeen black hole model
    The Bardeen black hole model is a theoretical proposal of a regular (non-singular) black hole solution in general relativity that avoids the central singularity by coupling gravity to nonlinear electrodynamics.
  • E. Newman–Penrose formalism chosen
    The Newman–Penrose formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that uses null tetrads and spin coefficients to simplify the analysis of spacetime geometry and gravitational radiation.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0c46898008190aa618a4af55bd1ee completed April 16, 2026, 11:13 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69ef8a0ed5388190b8f1932fb3f11c6a completed April 27, 2026, 4:08 p.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 6:41 p.m.