Triple

T21636909
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Michael J. Benton E533983 entity
Predicate hasWritten P2831 FINISHED
Object Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (3 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record | Statement: [Michael J. Benton, hasWritten, Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record
Context triple: [Michael J. Benton, hasWritten, Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record]
  • A. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
    Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology is a scholarly monographic series published by the Smithsonian Institution that presents original research in paleontology and related fields.
  • B. On the Imperfection of the Geological Record
    "On the Imperfection of the Geological Record" is a chapter in Charles Darwin's *On the Origin of Species* that addresses why the fossil record is incomplete and how this affects evidence for evolutionary change.
  • C. The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History
    The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History is the subtitle of Stephen Jay Gould’s book *Wonderful Life*, which explores how fossils from the Burgess Shale revolutionized our understanding of evolution and contingency in the history of life.
  • D. An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography
    An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography is a scientific work that surveys the global distribution and evolution of life throughout the Phanerozoic eon, integrating paleontological and geological evidence.
  • E. book "Models in Paleobiology"
    "Models in Paleobiology" is an influential 1972 edited volume in evolutionary biology that helped introduce quantitative and theoretical approaches to paleontology, including the formulation of punctuated equilibrium.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record
Target entity description: Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record is a comprehensive textbook that surveys the history of life on Earth through the study of fossils, integrating paleontology, evolutionary biology, and geology.
  • A. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
    Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology is a scholarly monographic series published by the Smithsonian Institution that presents original research in paleontology and related fields.
  • B. On the Imperfection of the Geological Record
    "On the Imperfection of the Geological Record" is a chapter in Charles Darwin's *On the Origin of Species* that addresses why the fossil record is incomplete and how this affects evidence for evolutionary change.
  • C. The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History
    The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History is the subtitle of Stephen Jay Gould’s book *Wonderful Life*, which explores how fossils from the Burgess Shale revolutionized our understanding of evolution and contingency in the history of life.
  • D. An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography
    An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography is a scientific work that surveys the global distribution and evolution of life throughout the Phanerozoic eon, integrating paleontological and geological evidence.
  • E. book "Models in Paleobiology"
    "Models in Paleobiology" is an influential 1972 edited volume in evolutionary biology that helped introduce quantitative and theoretical approaches to paleontology, including the formulation of punctuated equilibrium.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0c465ae7481908577b7209fdb2a77 completed April 16, 2026, 11:13 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69ef538ddb088190a3cba6fdc84c0ae8 completed April 27, 2026, 12:16 p.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 6:35 p.m.