Triple
T2156317
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Shiing-Shen Chern |
E47895
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Chern classes
Chern classes are fundamental topological invariants in differential and algebraic geometry that classify complex vector bundles and capture their curvature and twisting properties.
|
E240803
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Chern classes | Statement: [Shiing-Shen Chern, knownFor, Chern classes]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Chern classes Context triple: [Shiing-Shen Chern, knownFor, Chern classes]
-
A.
Chern–Weil theory
Chern–Weil theory is a framework in differential geometry that constructs characteristic classes of vector bundles from curvature forms, linking topology and geometry through invariant polynomials.
-
B.
Atiyah–Singer index theorem
The Atiyah–Singer index theorem is a fundamental result in mathematics that links the analytical properties of elliptic differential operators to topological invariants of manifolds, unifying analysis, topology, and geometry.
-
C.
Poincaré duality
Poincaré duality is a fundamental theorem in algebraic topology that relates the homology and cohomology groups of an oriented closed manifold in complementary dimensions.
-
D.
Alexandrov–Čech cohomology
Alexandrov–Čech cohomology is a topological cohomology theory that computes invariants of spaces using inverse limits over open covers, closely related to and often coinciding with sheaf cohomology.
-
E.
Hodge theory
Hodge theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the relationship between differential forms, cohomology, and complex geometry, particularly on complex manifolds.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Chern classes Triple: [Shiing-Shen Chern, knownFor, Chern classes]
Generated description
Chern classes are fundamental topological invariants in differential and algebraic geometry that classify complex vector bundles and capture their curvature and twisting properties.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Chern classes Target entity description: Chern classes are fundamental topological invariants in differential and algebraic geometry that classify complex vector bundles and capture their curvature and twisting properties.
-
A.
Chern–Weil theory
Chern–Weil theory is a framework in differential geometry that constructs characteristic classes of vector bundles from curvature forms, linking topology and geometry through invariant polynomials.
-
B.
Atiyah–Singer index theorem
The Atiyah–Singer index theorem is a fundamental result in mathematics that links the analytical properties of elliptic differential operators to topological invariants of manifolds, unifying analysis, topology, and geometry.
-
C.
Poincaré duality
Poincaré duality is a fundamental theorem in algebraic topology that relates the homology and cohomology groups of an oriented closed manifold in complementary dimensions.
-
D.
Alexandrov–Čech cohomology
Alexandrov–Čech cohomology is a topological cohomology theory that computes invariants of spaces using inverse limits over open covers, closely related to and often coinciding with sheaf cohomology.
-
E.
Hodge theory
Hodge theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the relationship between differential forms, cohomology, and complex geometry, particularly on complex manifolds.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88a1d1fd8819088b34990d69a712f |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:38 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abbe67d6888190b8d3c07527c8f80e |
completed | March 7, 2026, 5:58 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae58e53fe481908fa4035ee98bd6ca |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:21 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae5a612f7081909fe82c45d07f3311 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:28 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae5b09402c81908b68e4ad4c06f215 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:30 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:44 p.m.