Triple

T21000435
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject John Iliopoulos E517270 entity
Predicate coAuthorOf P2389 FINISHED
Object Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism — NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism | Statement: [John Iliopoulos, coAuthorOf, Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism
Context triple: [John Iliopoulos, coAuthorOf, Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism]
  • A. Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism chosen
    The Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani mechanism is a theoretical framework in particle physics that explains the suppression of flavor-changing neutral currents by introducing the charm quark and the structure of quark mixing.
  • B. Kobayashi–Maskawa theory
    The Kobayashi–Maskawa theory is a fundamental framework in particle physics that explains CP violation in the Standard Model through a three-generation quark mixing matrix (the CKM matrix).
  • C. Cabibbo theory
    Cabibbo theory is a framework in particle physics that describes the mixing of down and strange quarks in weak interactions through a single mixing angle, laying groundwork later generalized by the CKM matrix.
  • D. Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)
    The Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) is a landmark theoretical work that extended the quark model to three generations, providing the mechanism for CP violation in the Standard Model and later underpinning the Nobel Prize in Physics for its authors.
  • E. Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix
    The Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix is a fundamental component of the Standard Model of particle physics that describes how quarks change flavor via the weak interaction and accounts for CP violation in the quark sector.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0b5006e2881909fc2383f841740cc completed April 16, 2026, 10:08 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6fc24a6dc8190a6bf81cf1d9590c0 completed April 21, 2026, 4:25 a.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 1:52 p.m.