Triple

T2093728
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Arnold Sommerfeld E32730 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Atombau und Spektrallinien
*Atombau und Spektrallinien* is Arnold Sommerfeld’s influential textbook on atomic structure and spectral lines that helped shape the development of early quantum theory.
E234764 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Atombau und Spektrallinien | Statement: [Arnold Sommerfeld, notableWork, Atombau und Spektrallinien]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Atombau und Spektrallinien
Context triple: [Arnold Sommerfeld, notableWork, Atombau und Spektrallinien]
  • A. Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
    Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
  • B. Vorlesungen über Atommechanik
    Vorlesungen über Atommechanik is a foundational early 20th-century textbook on quantum theory and atomic mechanics written by physicist Max Born.
  • C. Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy
    Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy are foundational principles in physics that explain how continuous, emission, and absorption spectra arise from interactions between matter and radiation.
  • D. Zeeman effect
    The Zeeman effect is the splitting of atomic or molecular spectral lines into multiple components when subjected to an external magnetic field, revealing information about energy levels and magnetic moments.
  • E. Franck–Hertz experiment
    The Franck–Hertz experiment is a landmark early-20th-century physics experiment that provided direct evidence for the quantization of atomic energy levels, supporting the Bohr model of the atom.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Atombau und Spektrallinien
Triple: [Arnold Sommerfeld, notableWork, Atombau und Spektrallinien]
Generated description
*Atombau und Spektrallinien* is Arnold Sommerfeld’s influential textbook on atomic structure and spectral lines that helped shape the development of early quantum theory.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Atombau und Spektrallinien
Target entity description: *Atombau und Spektrallinien* is Arnold Sommerfeld’s influential textbook on atomic structure and spectral lines that helped shape the development of early quantum theory.
  • A. Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
    Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
  • B. Vorlesungen über Atommechanik
    Vorlesungen über Atommechanik is a foundational early 20th-century textbook on quantum theory and atomic mechanics written by physicist Max Born.
  • C. Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy
    Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy are foundational principles in physics that explain how continuous, emission, and absorption spectra arise from interactions between matter and radiation.
  • D. Zeeman effect
    The Zeeman effect is the splitting of atomic or molecular spectral lines into multiple components when subjected to an external magnetic field, revealing information about energy levels and magnetic moments.
  • E. Franck–Hertz experiment
    The Franck–Hertz experiment is a landmark early-20th-century physics experiment that provided direct evidence for the quantization of atomic energy levels, supporting the Bohr model of the atom.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a885eba0708190999696a45cbec816 completed March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abba98c32081908a243bc7088a1510 completed March 7, 2026, 5:41 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ae305aacc08190904a358fc4207075 completed March 9, 2026, 2:28 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ae30e0411c81908cd19bf8d3525056 completed March 9, 2026, 2:30 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ae31871d408190a4ae64372660fa79 completed March 9, 2026, 2:33 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:43 p.m.