Triple
T2093725
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Arnold Sommerfeld |
E32730
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory
Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory is a classical electromagnetic wave theory that explains how transient signal fronts (precursors) propagate through dispersive media before the main wave arrives.
|
E234763
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory | Statement: [Arnold Sommerfeld, knownFor, Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory Context triple: [Arnold Sommerfeld, knownFor, Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory]
-
A.
On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
"On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
-
B.
Kirchhoff diffraction theory
Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
-
C.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
D.
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
-
E.
Fermat’s principle of least time
Fermat’s principle of least time is a fundamental variational principle in optics stating that light follows the path that takes the least time, from which many laws of geometrical optics can be derived.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory Triple: [Arnold Sommerfeld, knownFor, Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory]
Generated description
Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory is a classical electromagnetic wave theory that explains how transient signal fronts (precursors) propagate through dispersive media before the main wave arrives.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory Target entity description: Sommerfeld–Brillouin precursor theory is a classical electromagnetic wave theory that explains how transient signal fronts (precursors) propagate through dispersive media before the main wave arrives.
-
A.
On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
"On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
-
B.
Kirchhoff diffraction theory
Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
-
C.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
D.
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935)
Theory of Atomic Spectra (1935) is a foundational physics monograph by Edward Condon that systematically develops the quantum-mechanical theory underlying atomic spectral lines and their structure.
-
E.
Fermat’s principle of least time
Fermat’s principle of least time is a fundamental variational principle in optics stating that light follows the path that takes the least time, from which many laws of geometrical optics can be derived.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a885eba0708190999696a45cbec816 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abba98c32081908a243bc7088a1510 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 5:41 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae305aacc08190904a358fc4207075 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:28 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae30e0411c81908cd19bf8d3525056 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:30 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae31871d408190a4ae64372660fa79 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:33 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:43 p.m.