Triple

T2093724
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Arnold Sommerfeld E32730 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Sommerfeld radiation condition
The Sommerfeld radiation condition is a mathematical criterion in wave and scattering theory that selects physically meaningful, outward-radiating solutions to the Helmholtz equation at infinity.
E234762 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Sommerfeld radiation condition | Statement: [Arnold Sommerfeld, knownFor, Sommerfeld radiation condition]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sommerfeld radiation condition
Context triple: [Arnold Sommerfeld, knownFor, Sommerfeld radiation condition]
  • A. Kirchhoff diffraction theory
    Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
  • B. Hertzian waves
    Hertzian waves are early experimentally demonstrated electromagnetic waves that confirmed James Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism and paved the way for modern radio communication.
  • C. Huygens–Fresnel principle
    The Huygens–Fresnel principle is a fundamental concept in wave optics that explains how every point on a wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets whose interference determines the wave’s subsequent propagation and diffraction.
  • D. Fresnel equations
    The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
  • E. Condon–Shortley phase
    The Condon–Shortley phase is a sign convention introduced in quantum mechanics to standardize the definition of spherical harmonics and angular momentum coupling coefficients.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Sommerfeld radiation condition
Triple: [Arnold Sommerfeld, knownFor, Sommerfeld radiation condition]
Generated description
The Sommerfeld radiation condition is a mathematical criterion in wave and scattering theory that selects physically meaningful, outward-radiating solutions to the Helmholtz equation at infinity.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sommerfeld radiation condition
Target entity description: The Sommerfeld radiation condition is a mathematical criterion in wave and scattering theory that selects physically meaningful, outward-radiating solutions to the Helmholtz equation at infinity.
  • A. Kirchhoff diffraction theory
    Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
  • B. Hertzian waves
    Hertzian waves are early experimentally demonstrated electromagnetic waves that confirmed James Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism and paved the way for modern radio communication.
  • C. Huygens–Fresnel principle
    The Huygens–Fresnel principle is a fundamental concept in wave optics that explains how every point on a wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets whose interference determines the wave’s subsequent propagation and diffraction.
  • D. Fresnel equations
    The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
  • E. Condon–Shortley phase
    The Condon–Shortley phase is a sign convention introduced in quantum mechanics to standardize the definition of spherical harmonics and angular momentum coupling coefficients.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a885eba0708190999696a45cbec816 completed March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abba98c32081908a243bc7088a1510 completed March 7, 2026, 5:41 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ae305aacc08190904a358fc4207075 completed March 9, 2026, 2:28 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ae30e0411c81908cd19bf8d3525056 completed March 9, 2026, 2:30 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ae31871d408190a4ae64372660fa79 completed March 9, 2026, 2:33 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:43 p.m.