Triple
T2093724
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Arnold Sommerfeld |
E32730
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Sommerfeld radiation condition
The Sommerfeld radiation condition is a mathematical criterion in wave and scattering theory that selects physically meaningful, outward-radiating solutions to the Helmholtz equation at infinity.
|
E234762
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Sommerfeld radiation condition | Statement: [Arnold Sommerfeld, knownFor, Sommerfeld radiation condition]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sommerfeld radiation condition Context triple: [Arnold Sommerfeld, knownFor, Sommerfeld radiation condition]
-
A.
Kirchhoff diffraction theory
Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
-
B.
Hertzian waves
Hertzian waves are early experimentally demonstrated electromagnetic waves that confirmed James Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism and paved the way for modern radio communication.
-
C.
Huygens–Fresnel principle
The Huygens–Fresnel principle is a fundamental concept in wave optics that explains how every point on a wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets whose interference determines the wave’s subsequent propagation and diffraction.
-
D.
Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
-
E.
Condon–Shortley phase
The Condon–Shortley phase is a sign convention introduced in quantum mechanics to standardize the definition of spherical harmonics and angular momentum coupling coefficients.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Sommerfeld radiation condition Triple: [Arnold Sommerfeld, knownFor, Sommerfeld radiation condition]
Generated description
The Sommerfeld radiation condition is a mathematical criterion in wave and scattering theory that selects physically meaningful, outward-radiating solutions to the Helmholtz equation at infinity.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sommerfeld radiation condition Target entity description: The Sommerfeld radiation condition is a mathematical criterion in wave and scattering theory that selects physically meaningful, outward-radiating solutions to the Helmholtz equation at infinity.
-
A.
Kirchhoff diffraction theory
Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
-
B.
Hertzian waves
Hertzian waves are early experimentally demonstrated electromagnetic waves that confirmed James Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism and paved the way for modern radio communication.
-
C.
Huygens–Fresnel principle
The Huygens–Fresnel principle is a fundamental concept in wave optics that explains how every point on a wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets whose interference determines the wave’s subsequent propagation and diffraction.
-
D.
Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
-
E.
Condon–Shortley phase
The Condon–Shortley phase is a sign convention introduced in quantum mechanics to standardize the definition of spherical harmonics and angular momentum coupling coefficients.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a885eba0708190999696a45cbec816 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abba98c32081908a243bc7088a1510 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 5:41 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae305aacc08190904a358fc4207075 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:28 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae30e0411c81908cd19bf8d3525056 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:30 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae31871d408190a4ae64372660fa79 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:33 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:43 p.m.