Triple
T2093722
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Arnold Sommerfeld |
E32730
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Sommerfeld–Wilson quantization |
E234760
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Sommerfeld–Wilson quantization | Statement: [Arnold Sommerfeld, knownFor, Sommerfeld–Wilson quantization]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sommerfeld–Wilson quantization Context triple: [Arnold Sommerfeld, knownFor, Sommerfeld–Wilson quantization]
-
A.
Sommerfeld quantization rules
chosen
Sommerfeld quantization rules are an early quantum theory refinement of Bohr’s model that quantize electron motion in elliptical orbits using action integrals, helping to explain fine-structure details in atomic spectra.
-
B.
Sommerfeld fine-structure formula
The Sommerfeld fine-structure formula is a relativistic extension of the Bohr model that accurately predicts the fine-structure energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
-
C.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
D.
Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory
Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is a fundamental method in quantum mechanics for approximating the energies and states of a system by treating interactions as small corrections to an exactly solvable problem.
-
E.
Vorlesungen über Atommechanik
Vorlesungen über Atommechanik is a foundational early 20th-century textbook on quantum theory and atomic mechanics written by physicist Max Born.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a885eba0708190999696a45cbec816 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abba98c32081908a243bc7088a1510 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 5:41 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae5189bc088190b142dde85cad6676 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 4:50 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:43 p.m.