Triple

T2093716
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Arnold Sommerfeld E32730 entity
Predicate notableStudent P4838 FINISHED
Object Alfred Landé
Alfred Landé was a German-American physicist best known for his work in quantum theory and atomic spectroscopy, including the introduction of the Landé g-factor.
 E244357 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Alfred Landé | Statement: [Arnold Sommerfeld, notableStudent, Alfred Landé]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Alfred Landé
Context triple: [Arnold Sommerfeld, notableStudent, Alfred Landé]
  • A. Arnold Sommerfeld
    Arnold Sommerfeld was a pioneering German theoretical physicist whose work in atomic and quantum theory significantly shaped modern physics and influenced generations of prominent scientists.
  • B. Theodor Estermann
    Theodor Estermann was a German-British mathematician known for his contributions to analytic number theory and his work on the distribution of prime numbers.
  • C. Gustav Hertz
    Gustav Hertz was a German physicist and Nobel laureate best known for the Franck–Hertz experiment, which provided key evidence for the quantization of energy levels in atoms.
  • D. Gerhard Herzberg
    Gerhard Herzberg was a German-Canadian physicist and physical chemist renowned for his pioneering work in molecular spectroscopy, for which he received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
  • E. Johannes Stark
    Johannes Stark was a German physicist and Nobel laureate known for discovering the Stark effect, the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Alfred Landé
Triple: [Arnold Sommerfeld, notableStudent, Alfred Landé]
Generated description
Alfred Landé was a German-American physicist best known for his work in quantum theory and atomic spectroscopy, including the introduction of the Landé g-factor.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Alfred Landé
Target entity description: Alfred Landé was a German-American physicist best known for his work in quantum theory and atomic spectroscopy, including the introduction of the Landé g-factor.
  • A. Arnold Sommerfeld
    Arnold Sommerfeld was a pioneering German theoretical physicist whose work in atomic and quantum theory significantly shaped modern physics and influenced generations of prominent scientists.
  • B. Theodor Estermann
    Theodor Estermann was a German-British mathematician known for his contributions to analytic number theory and his work on the distribution of prime numbers.
  • C. Gustav Hertz
    Gustav Hertz was a German physicist and Nobel laureate best known for the Franck–Hertz experiment, which provided key evidence for the quantization of energy levels in atoms.
  • D. Gerhard Herzberg
    Gerhard Herzberg was a German-Canadian physicist and physical chemist renowned for his pioneering work in molecular spectroscopy, for which he received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
  • E. Johannes Stark
    Johannes Stark was a German physicist and Nobel laureate known for discovering the Stark effect, the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a885eba0708190999696a45cbec816 completed March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abba98c32081908a243bc7088a1510 completed March 7, 2026, 5:41 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ae652ce3108190999ce10fe915aba1 completed March 9, 2026, 6:14 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ae6608d3ac8190923cd6a6ce7c4c89 completed March 9, 2026, 6:17 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ae66a751f881908fda164de72dac9b completed March 9, 2026, 6:20 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:43 p.m.