Triple

T2093554
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Leopold Infeld E32726 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Born–Infeld electrodynamics is a nonlinear modification of classical Maxwell theory proposed to remove the infinite self-energy of point charges by introducing an upper bound on the electromagnetic field strength.
E232968 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Born–Infeld electrodynamics | Statement: [Leopold Infeld, knownFor, Born–Infeld electrodynamics]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Context triple: [Leopold Infeld, knownFor, Born–Infeld electrodynamics]
  • A. Einstein–Maxwell equations
    The Einstein–Maxwell equations are the coupled set of field equations in general relativity that describe how spacetime curvature and electromagnetic fields interact and influence each other.
  • B. Weyl’s gauge theory
    Weyl’s gauge theory is an early 20th-century theoretical framework that introduced the concept of local gauge invariance, laying foundational ideas for modern gauge theories in particle physics.
  • C. Schwinger effect
    The Schwinger effect is a quantum field theory phenomenon in which extremely strong electric fields can spontaneously create particle–antiparticle pairs from the vacuum.
  • D. Nambu–Goto action
    The Nambu–Goto action is a fundamental formulation in string theory that describes the dynamics of relativistic strings by minimizing the area of their worldsheet in spacetime.
  • E. Schwinger model
    The Schwinger model is a two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics theory that serves as a exactly solvable toy model for studying phenomena like confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and anomalies in quantum field theory.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Triple: [Leopold Infeld, knownFor, Born–Infeld electrodynamics]
Generated description
Born–Infeld electrodynamics is a nonlinear modification of classical Maxwell theory proposed to remove the infinite self-energy of point charges by introducing an upper bound on the electromagnetic field strength.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Target entity description: Born–Infeld electrodynamics is a nonlinear modification of classical Maxwell theory proposed to remove the infinite self-energy of point charges by introducing an upper bound on the electromagnetic field strength.
  • A. Einstein–Maxwell equations
    The Einstein–Maxwell equations are the coupled set of field equations in general relativity that describe how spacetime curvature and electromagnetic fields interact and influence each other.
  • B. Weyl’s gauge theory
    Weyl’s gauge theory is an early 20th-century theoretical framework that introduced the concept of local gauge invariance, laying foundational ideas for modern gauge theories in particle physics.
  • C. Schwinger effect
    The Schwinger effect is a quantum field theory phenomenon in which extremely strong electric fields can spontaneously create particle–antiparticle pairs from the vacuum.
  • D. Nambu–Goto action
    The Nambu–Goto action is a fundamental formulation in string theory that describes the dynamics of relativistic strings by minimizing the area of their worldsheet in spacetime.
  • E. Schwinger model
    The Schwinger model is a two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics theory that serves as a exactly solvable toy model for studying phenomena like confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and anomalies in quantum field theory.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a885eba0708190999696a45cbec816 completed March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abba98c32081908a243bc7088a1510 completed March 7, 2026, 5:41 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ae2748f09c81908d471b02a185ec1e completed March 9, 2026, 1:50 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ae27e4a6f88190a6af44f2cc822f31 completed March 9, 2026, 1:52 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ae2876710c81909451744f48337998 completed March 9, 2026, 1:55 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:43 p.m.