Triple

T20738931
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Ermine Cowles Case E509786 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object The Permo-Carboniferous red beds of North America and their vertebrate fauna NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (3 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Permo-Carboniferous red beds of North America and their vertebrate fauna | Statement: [Ermine Cowles Case, notableWork, The Permo-Carboniferous red beds of North America and their vertebrate fauna]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Permo-Carboniferous red beds of North America and their vertebrate fauna
Context triple: [Ermine Cowles Case, notableWork, The Permo-Carboniferous red beds of North America and their vertebrate fauna]
  • A. Paleozoic succession of the Amadeus Basin
    The Paleozoic succession of the Amadeus Basin is a thick, long-lived sedimentary sequence in central Australia that records marine and terrestrial environments from the early Paleozoic through to the late Paleozoic within an intracratonic basin setting.
  • B. Pikermian fauna
    Pikermian fauna refers to the rich assemblage of Late Miocene fossil mammals, especially diverse hoofed animals and primates, first characterized from the Pikermi site in Greece and used as a key reference for Eurasian paleontology.
  • C. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
    Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology is a scholarly monographic series published by the Smithsonian Institution that presents original research in paleontology and related fields.
  • D. An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography
    An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography is a scientific work that surveys the global distribution and evolution of life throughout the Phanerozoic eon, integrating paleontological and geological evidence.
  • E. "The Age of Mammals in Europe, Asia and North America"
    "The Age of Mammals in Europe, Asia and North America" is a landmark paleontological work by Henry Fairfield Osborn that surveys the evolution, diversity, and fossil record of mammals across these continents.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Permo-Carboniferous red beds of North America and their vertebrate fauna
Target entity description: "The Permo-Carboniferous red beds of North America and their vertebrate fauna" is a classic paleontological monograph by Ermine Cowles Case that documents and interprets the fossil vertebrates of late Paleozoic red-bed formations in North America.
  • A. Paleozoic succession of the Amadeus Basin
    The Paleozoic succession of the Amadeus Basin is a thick, long-lived sedimentary sequence in central Australia that records marine and terrestrial environments from the early Paleozoic through to the late Paleozoic within an intracratonic basin setting.
  • B. Pikermian fauna
    Pikermian fauna refers to the rich assemblage of Late Miocene fossil mammals, especially diverse hoofed animals and primates, first characterized from the Pikermi site in Greece and used as a key reference for Eurasian paleontology.
  • C. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
    Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology is a scholarly monographic series published by the Smithsonian Institution that presents original research in paleontology and related fields.
  • D. An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography
    An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography is a scientific work that surveys the global distribution and evolution of life throughout the Phanerozoic eon, integrating paleontological and geological evidence.
  • E. "The Age of Mammals in Europe, Asia and North America"
    "The Age of Mammals in Europe, Asia and North America" is a landmark paleontological work by Henry Fairfield Osborn that surveys the evolution, diversity, and fossil record of mammals across these continents.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0b4c589c08190834fb5d86d0efa2b completed April 16, 2026, 10:07 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6c20c36708190898b889b6989fc7d completed April 21, 2026, 12:17 a.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 12:32 p.m.