Triple

T2072779
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject St Albans, Hertfordshire E44851 entity
Predicate hasRomanSite P1098 FINISHED
Object Roman city walls of Verulamium
The Roman city walls of Verulamium are the substantial remains of the defensive fortifications of the ancient Roman town at modern St Albans in Hertfordshire, England.
E231329 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Roman city walls of Verulamium | Statement: [St Albans, Hertfordshire, hasRomanSite, Roman city walls of Verulamium]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Roman city walls of Verulamium
Context triple: [St Albans, Hertfordshire, hasRomanSite, Roman city walls of Verulamium]
  • A. Roman Town Wall
    The Roman Town Wall is an ancient defensive fortification in Colchester, England, built by the Romans and now one of the most significant surviving remnants of the town’s Roman past.
  • B. Richborough Roman Fort
    Richborough Roman Fort is a major archaeological site in Kent, England, that preserves the remains of a significant Roman military and port complex marking one of the main entry points of Roman Britain.
  • C. Roman fort of Mamucium
    The Roman fort of Mamucium was an ancient military stronghold that formed the original Roman settlement and strategic outpost on the site of modern-day Manchester, England.
  • D. Gallo-Roman walls
    The Gallo-Roman walls of Le Mans are remarkably well-preserved late Roman fortifications, notable for their extensive length and intricate decorative brickwork that encircle the historic city center.
  • E. Saalburg Roman fort
    Saalburg Roman fort is a reconstructed Roman military camp in Germany that served as part of the frontier defenses along the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes and now functions as an archaeological park and museum.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Roman city walls of Verulamium
Triple: [St Albans, Hertfordshire, hasRomanSite, Roman city walls of Verulamium]
Generated description
The Roman city walls of Verulamium are the substantial remains of the defensive fortifications of the ancient Roman town at modern St Albans in Hertfordshire, England.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Roman city walls of Verulamium
Target entity description: The Roman city walls of Verulamium are the substantial remains of the defensive fortifications of the ancient Roman town at modern St Albans in Hertfordshire, England.
  • A. Roman Town Wall
    The Roman Town Wall is an ancient defensive fortification in Colchester, England, built by the Romans and now one of the most significant surviving remnants of the town’s Roman past.
  • B. Richborough Roman Fort
    Richborough Roman Fort is a major archaeological site in Kent, England, that preserves the remains of a significant Roman military and port complex marking one of the main entry points of Roman Britain.
  • C. Roman fort of Mamucium
    The Roman fort of Mamucium was an ancient military stronghold that formed the original Roman settlement and strategic outpost on the site of modern-day Manchester, England.
  • D. Gallo-Roman walls
    The Gallo-Roman walls of Le Mans are remarkably well-preserved late Roman fortifications, notable for their extensive length and intricate decorative brickwork that encircle the historic city center.
  • E. Saalburg Roman fort
    Saalburg Roman fort is a reconstructed Roman military camp in Germany that served as part of the frontier defenses along the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes and now functions as an archaeological park and museum.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: hasRomanSite
Context triple: [St Albans, Hertfordshire, hasRomanSite, Roman city walls of Verulamium]
  • A. hasRomanName
    Indicates that an entity is associated with or known by a name derived from or used in ancient Rome.
  • B. hasArchaeologicalSiteType
    Indicates that an entity is classified as, or associated with, a specific type or category of archaeological site.
  • C. archaeologicalSiteIncludes
    Indicates that an archaeological site contains, encompasses, or includes a specified feature, structure, artifact collection, or sub-area as part of its extent or composition.
  • D. cultSite
    Indicates a location that is or was used for religious or ritual worship activities.
  • E. hasHistoricSite chosen
    Indicates that an entity possesses, contains, or is associated with a place recognized for its historical significance.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (6 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a88916c2b48190a5ca2e9b12cad3ed completed March 4, 2026, 7:33 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abba0eaa5081908f6d6ff80f79b1c9 completed March 7, 2026, 5:39 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ae272ee27c8190a4bb4690961dccf6 completed March 9, 2026, 1:49 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ae27b2c9d08190b1950abd8d41d3b3 completed March 9, 2026, 1:51 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ae2817ce3c81908e48170760cf98ef completed March 9, 2026, 1:53 a.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69abb7b0edac8190a58eabee55f73deb completed March 7, 2026, 5:29 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:41 p.m.