Triple
T1989543
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Löwenstein |
E43219
|
entity |
| Predicate | isRelatedSurname |
P3889
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Levenstein
Levenstein is a surname, often a variant of Löwenstein, borne by individuals of German or Ashkenazi Jewish origin.
|
E221375
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Levenstein | Statement: [Löwenstein, isRelatedSurname, Levenstein]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Levenstein Context triple: [Löwenstein, isRelatedSurname, Levenstein]
-
A.
Kolmogorov distance
Kolmogorov distance is a statistical metric that measures the maximum difference between two cumulative distribution functions, commonly used to quantify convergence in distribution and in goodness-of-fit tests.
-
B.
Bhattacharyya distance
Bhattacharyya distance is a statistical measure of similarity between two probability distributions, often used in pattern recognition and classification to quantify their overlap.
-
C.
DTW
DTW is the IATA airport code for Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, a major international hub serving the Detroit, Michigan metropolitan area.
-
D.
Difference Engine
The Difference Engine is an early mechanical calculator designed by Charles Babbage to automatically compute and tabulate polynomial functions, often regarded as a precursor to modern computers.
-
E.
Levin
Levin is a surname of Jewish origin borne by various notable individuals across fields such as business, politics, and the arts.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Levenstein Triple: [Löwenstein, isRelatedSurname, Levenstein]
Generated description
Levenstein is a surname, often a variant of Löwenstein, borne by individuals of German or Ashkenazi Jewish origin.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Levenstein Target entity description: Levenstein is a surname, often a variant of Löwenstein, borne by individuals of German or Ashkenazi Jewish origin.
-
A.
Kolmogorov distance
Kolmogorov distance is a statistical metric that measures the maximum difference between two cumulative distribution functions, commonly used to quantify convergence in distribution and in goodness-of-fit tests.
-
B.
Bhattacharyya distance
Bhattacharyya distance is a statistical measure of similarity between two probability distributions, often used in pattern recognition and classification to quantify their overlap.
-
C.
DTW
DTW is the IATA airport code for Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, a major international hub serving the Detroit, Michigan metropolitan area.
-
D.
Difference Engine
The Difference Engine is an early mechanical calculator designed by Charles Babbage to automatically compute and tabulate polynomial functions, often regarded as a precursor to modern computers.
-
E.
Levin
Levin is a surname of Jewish origin borne by various notable individuals across fields such as business, politics, and the arts.
- F. None of above. chosen
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: isRelatedSurname Context triple: [Löwenstein, isRelatedSurname, Levenstein]
-
A.
isRelatedName
chosen
Indicates that one name is connected to another through a variant, derivative, or otherwise non-identical but related naming relationship.
-
B.
hasLastNameInCommonWith
Indicates that two entities share the same last name.
-
C.
isMatronymicOf
Indicates that one entity is a name or designation derived from the mother of another entity, typically used as that entity’s family or identifying name.
-
D.
hasFamilialTieTo
Indicates a relationship where two entities are connected by family bonds, such as by blood, marriage, or adoption.
-
E.
isEquivalentSurnameInEnglish
Indicates that two surnames are considered equivalent when rendered or transliterated into English.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (6 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88714cf2c819081644be450b8356e |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:25 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abb8ee02dc81908fec9fd8df7a4f40 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 5:34 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae0336177c8190bb9d3d921fff13e8 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 11:16 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae03b52ed08190a8c8fb8f81073bb3 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 11:18 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae0433b90c81909af348d9a3dcdbec |
completed | March 8, 2026, 11:20 p.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69abb79ad6888190be99943a9c73cf3e |
completed | March 7, 2026, 5:28 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:37 p.m.