Triple

T19670699
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Stefan Hell E472326 entity
Predicate doctoralThesisTitle P1860 FINISHED
Object Imaging of transparent microstructures in a confocal microscope NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (3 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Imaging of transparent microstructures in a confocal microscope | Statement: [Stefan Hell, doctoralThesisTitle, Imaging of transparent microstructures in a confocal microscope]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Imaging of transparent microstructures in a confocal microscope
Context triple: [Stefan Hell, doctoralThesisTitle, Imaging of transparent microstructures in a confocal microscope]
  • A. Zernike phase-contrast method
    The Zernike phase-contrast method is a microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through transparent specimens into intensity differences, enabling detailed visualization of living cells and other unstained samples.
  • B. Microscopy by reconstructed wave-fronts
    "Microscopy by reconstructed wave-fronts" is the seminal 1948 paper by Dennis Gabor that introduced the principle of holography by using reconstructed wavefronts to form images.
  • C. Nomarski microscopy
    Nomarski microscopy, also known as differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, is an optical technique that enhances contrast in transparent, unstained specimens by converting phase shifts in light passing through the sample into variations in image intensity.
  • D. AutoCorrelation Spectral Imaging System
    AutoCorrelation Spectral Imaging System is a radio astronomy backend instrument designed to perform high-resolution spectral line observations by processing and correlating signals from telescopes.
  • E. Microscopic Imager
    The Microscopic Imager is a close-up camera on the Mars Exploration Rovers designed to capture detailed, microscope-like images of Martian rocks and soil to study their fine-scale textures and structures.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Imaging of transparent microstructures in a confocal microscope
Target entity description: "Imaging of transparent microstructures in a confocal microscope" is the doctoral thesis by physicist Stefan Hell, in which he advanced optical microscopy techniques that later contributed to his pioneering work in super-resolution imaging.
  • A. Zernike phase-contrast method
    The Zernike phase-contrast method is a microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through transparent specimens into intensity differences, enabling detailed visualization of living cells and other unstained samples.
  • B. Microscopy by reconstructed wave-fronts
    "Microscopy by reconstructed wave-fronts" is the seminal 1948 paper by Dennis Gabor that introduced the principle of holography by using reconstructed wavefronts to form images.
  • C. Nomarski microscopy
    Nomarski microscopy, also known as differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, is an optical technique that enhances contrast in transparent, unstained specimens by converting phase shifts in light passing through the sample into variations in image intensity.
  • D. AutoCorrelation Spectral Imaging System
    AutoCorrelation Spectral Imaging System is a radio astronomy backend instrument designed to perform high-resolution spectral line observations by processing and correlating signals from telescopes.
  • E. Microscopic Imager
    The Microscopic Imager is a close-up camera on the Mars Exploration Rovers designed to capture detailed, microscope-like images of Martian rocks and soil to study their fine-scale textures and structures.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8e514f2e08190ba70a4449519d218 completed April 10, 2026, 11:55 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6416b9cf8819096f44e3f9fbf86fa completed April 20, 2026, 3:08 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 1:45 p.m.