Triple
T18825549
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Klein paradox |
E460374
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Schwinger effect |
—
|
NE NERFINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Schwinger effect | Statement: [Klein paradox, relatedTo, Schwinger effect]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Schwinger effect Context triple: [Klein paradox, relatedTo, Schwinger effect]
-
A.
Schwinger effect
chosen
The Schwinger effect is a quantum field theory phenomenon in which extremely strong electric fields can spontaneously create particle–antiparticle pairs from the vacuum.
-
B.
Schwinger model
The Schwinger model is a two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics theory that serves as a exactly solvable toy model for studying phenomena like confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and anomalies in quantum field theory.
-
C.
Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian
The Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian is a quantum electrodynamics result that captures nonlinear corrections to classical electromagnetism arising from virtual electron–positron pair effects in strong electromagnetic fields.
-
D.
Kapitza–Dirac effect
The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
-
E.
Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Born–Infeld electrodynamics is a nonlinear modification of classical Maxwell theory proposed to remove the infinite self-energy of point charges by introducing an upper bound on the electromagnetic field strength.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (2 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d8dcf94c288190a06dea029ae4b223 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 11:20 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e5a6bdefac8190892d6fd5c20a431e |
completed | April 20, 2026, 4:08 a.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 11:56 a.m.