Triple

T18825549
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Klein paradox E460374 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Schwinger effect NE NERFINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Schwinger effect | Statement: [Klein paradox, relatedTo, Schwinger effect]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Schwinger effect
Context triple: [Klein paradox, relatedTo, Schwinger effect]
  • A. Schwinger effect chosen
    The Schwinger effect is a quantum field theory phenomenon in which extremely strong electric fields can spontaneously create particle–antiparticle pairs from the vacuum.
  • B. Schwinger model
    The Schwinger model is a two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics theory that serves as a exactly solvable toy model for studying phenomena like confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and anomalies in quantum field theory.
  • C. Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian
    The Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian is a quantum electrodynamics result that captures nonlinear corrections to classical electromagnetism arising from virtual electron–positron pair effects in strong electromagnetic fields.
  • D. Kapitza–Dirac effect
    The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
  • E. Born–Infeld electrodynamics
    Born–Infeld electrodynamics is a nonlinear modification of classical Maxwell theory proposed to remove the infinite self-energy of point charges by introducing an upper bound on the electromagnetic field strength.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (2 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8dcf94c288190a06dea029ae4b223 completed April 10, 2026, 11:20 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e5a6bdefac8190892d6fd5c20a431e completed April 20, 2026, 4:08 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 11:56 a.m.